Bali and Copenhagen summits of UNFCCC COP 13, the meeting, which was held in December 2007, of 190 countries that are party to a UN treaty on climate change is known as Bali Meet.

Objectives:

• The treaty aim was to urge the world for taking action that decreases the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which cause climate change.
• In Bali the member countries has assemble there to discuss what they were expected to do after the first phase of Kyoto Protocol that was to end in 2012.
• In Bali developed countries were expecting that after 2012, the developing countries like India and China – which were increasing their emissions as they greenhouse economically – would also undertake some sort of mission cuts. This indicated a complete overhand of the then existing UN treaty.

In case you have missed earlier article – Climate Change, Technology and Energy Sustainability

Bali Roadmap

The participating parties approved the Bali Roadmap as a two-year process for finalizing a binding agreement in 2009 in Copenhagen.

The Bali Road Map Included:

• The Bali Action Plan (BAP)
• The formation of the AD Hoc Working Group on further commitments for Annex I parties under KP negotiation and their 2009 dealings,
• Launch of the Adaptation Fund,
• Decisions on technology transfer and
• On reducing emission from deforestation

Bali Action Plan

Bali Action Plan included:

• Enhanced national and international action on mitigation of climate change.
• Advanced action on adaptation.
• A shared vision for long- term cooperative action that has to include a long-term global aim for emission reducing.
• Advanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation.

Also Read: UNFCCC CoP at Cancun and Durban (CoP16 and Cop17)

Copenhagen Summit COP 15

– Due to some serious disagreement between developing and developed countries, a legally binding agreement could not be finalized in COP 15 Copenhagen.

– Copenhagen accord is a non- binding agreement because the summit concluded with COP taking a note of Copenhagen agreement (a five nation accord- BASIC and US).

– The accord stressed that deep international cuts were needed to check the increase in global temperature to under two degrees Celsius.

– The accord stated that the developed nations (Annex 1) had agreed to set targets for reductions in their greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.

– Developing nations agreed to pursue nationally appropriate reduction strategy to slow the growth or their emission, but refused to commit on the reduction of their carbon output.

– Agreed a “goal” for the world to raise $100 billion per year by 2020. New multilateral funding for adaptation would be delivered with a governance structure.

Must Read: Analysis of 13th EU-India Summit