The word Physics comes from the Greek word fusis mini nature. Its Sanskrit equivalent is Bhautika i.e. the physical world. In Physics we attempt to explain diverse physical phenomena in terms of a few concepts and laws. The effort is to see the physical world as manifestation of some universal laws in different domains and conditions.
In Physics we study different forms of matter, their properties and the transformations that they undergo. It is a major signs dealing with fundamental constitutes of universe, the forces they exert on one another and the results produced by these forces. Physics a basic discipline in the category of natural sciences which also includes other disciplines like chemistry and biology.
Major Branches of Physics
| Acoustics | It is the study of production and properties of sound |
| Atomic Physics | It is the study of structure and properties of an atom. |
| Biophysics | It applies tools of physics to life processes |
| Cryogenics | It is the study of low-temperature |
| Electrodynamics | It is the analysis of relationship between electrostatic and magnetic fields. |
| Fluid Physics | It deals with movement of liquid and gases |
| Mechanics | It deals with behaviour of object and system to various forces. |
| Nuclear/Modem Physics | It is concerned with structure and properties of atomic nucleus and their reactions. |
Famous Technologies And Scientific Principal(s) behind them
| Technologies | Scientific Principal(s) |
| Steam engine | Laws of thermodynamics |
| Nuclear reactor | Nuclear fission |
| Radio and television | Propagation of electromagnetic waves |
| Computers | Distal logic |
| Lasers | Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (population inversion) |
| Production of ultra-magnetic fields | Superconductivity |
| Rocket propulsion | Newton’s law of motion |
| Electric generator | Farday’s Laws of electromagnetic induction |
| Hydroelectric power | Conversion of gravitational potential energy into electric energy |
| Aeroplane | Bernoull’s principle in fluid dynamics |
| Particle accelerator | Motion of charged articles in electromagnetic fields |
| Sonar | Reflection of ultrasonic waves |
Physicists and their Achievements in Unification
| Name of the Physicists | Years | Achievements in unification |
| Issac Newton | 1687 | Unified celestial and terrestrial mechanics showed that the same laws of motion and the law of gravitation apply to both the domains. |
| Hans Christian Oersted Michael Faraday | 1820 1830 | Showed that electric and magnetic phenomena are inseperable aspects of a unified domain; electromagnetism. |
| James Clerk, Maxwell | 1873 | Unified electricity, magnetism and optics; showed that the light is an electromagnetic wave |
| Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinber | 1979 | Showed that the week nuclear force and the electromagnetic force could be viewed as different aspects of a single electro-week force. |
| Carlo Rubia, Simon Vander Meer | 1984 | Verified Sperry mentally the predictions of that theory of electro-week force. |
Four Fundamental Forces In NatureÂ
There are four fundamental forces in nature that govern the diverse phenomenaof the macroscopic and microscopic world. These different type of forces are:
- Gravitational force
- Electromagnetic force
- Strong nuclear force
- Weak nuclear force
The unification of different forces/domains in nature is a basic quest in physics, the gravitational force is the force of mutual attraction between any two object’s by virtue of their masses. It is a universal force. The electromagnetic force is the force between charged particles. The strong nuclear force is the force between protons and neutrons.
The weak nuclear force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as beta-decay of nucleus.
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