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Data Warehousing Concepts in SQL: Understanding Star and Snowflake Schemas

Table of Contents Introduction What Is a Data Warehouse? OLTP vs OLAP: The Need for Warehousing Key Components of a Data Warehouse What Is Dimensional Modeling? Facts and Dimensions Explained The...

SQL for Data Engineering: ETL Concepts and Building Scalable Data Pipelines

Table of Contents Introduction What Is Data Engineering and Why SQL Matters Understanding ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) SQL’s Role in Each ETL Stage Data Sources: Raw Data Ingestion with...

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Error Handling in SQL: Managing Exceptions and Ensuring Reliable Transactions

Table of Contents Introduction Why Error Handling Matters in SQL Types of Errors in SQL Syntax Errors vs Runtime Errors Understanding Transaction Errors Rollbacks for Safe Error Recovery Error Handling in...

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Stored Procedures and Functions in SQL: Encapsulating Logic for Reuse and Automation

Table of Contents Introduction What Are Stored Procedures and Functions? Benefits of Using Stored Routines Stored Procedures vs Functions: Key Differences Syntax for Creating Stored Procedures Executing a Stored Procedure Parameters...

Triggers in SQL: Automating Database Behavior

Table of Contents Introduction What Is a Trigger in SQL? Why Use Triggers? Types of Triggers Syntax of a Trigger BEFORE vs AFTER Triggers INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE Triggers Trigger Events: Row-Level...

Using Constraints in SQL: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, and DEFAULT

Table of Contents Introduction What Are Constraints in SQL? Why Use Constraints? NOT NULL Constraint UNIQUE Constraint CHECK Constraint DEFAULT Constraint Combining Multiple Constraints Adding Constraints to Existing Tables Dropping Constraints Naming Constraints for Clarity Column-Level...

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CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) in PHP with MySQLi

Table of Contents What Are CRUD Operations? Setting Up the Database for CRUD Operations Creating Data in MySQL (Create) Inserting Data Using MySQLi Prepared Statements for Inserting Data Reading Data...

Connecting PHP with MySQL using MySQLi

Table of Contents What is MySQLi? Why Use MySQLi for MySQL Connections? Setting Up MySQL and PHP for MySQLi Connecting to MySQL using MySQLi Using MySQLi Object-Oriented Method Using MySQLi...

Introduction to MySQL and Database Integration

Table of Contents What is MySQL? Why Use MySQL with PHP? Setting Up MySQL and PHP Connecting PHP to MySQL Using mysqli Using PDO (PHP Data Objects) Basic MySQL Queries in...

Introduction to Debugging in PHP

Table of Contents What is Debugging? Why Debugging is Important in PHP Common Debugging Techniques Using var_dump() Using print_r() Using echo and exit Using debug_backtrace() Debugging Tools and Extensions Xdebug Debugging with IDEs (PHPStorm,...

PHP Include & Require Statements

Table of Contents Introduction to Include and Require Syntax of include Syntax of require Key Differences Between include and require Using include_once and require_once Best Practices for Using Include and...

Introduction to Error Handling in PHP

Table of Contents Introduction to Error Handling Types of Errors in PHP Syntax Errors Runtime Errors Logic Errors Error Reporting in PHP error_reporting() ini_set() Displaying Errors Handling Errors with try-catch Block Syntax of try-catch Throwing Exceptions Custom...

File Handling in PHP

Table of Contents Introduction to File Handling in PHP File System Functions Opening Files Reading Files Writing Files Closing Files File Permissions Uploading Files File Handling Functions: fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), fclose() Working with Directories Error...

Forms and User Input in PHP

Table of Contents Introduction to Forms in PHP Basics of HTML Forms Handling Form Data in PHP $_GET vs $_POST Validating User Input Sanitizing User Input Handling Multiple Form Elements Handling File...

Superglobals in PHP – $_GET, $_POST, $_REQUEST, $_SERVER

Table of Contents Introduction to Superglobals What Are Superglobals? Overview of Common Superglobals $_GET $_POST $_REQUEST $_SERVER Working with $_GET Working with $_POST Using $_REQUEST to Access Data Accessing Information with $_SERVER Practical Use Cases for...

Arrays in PHP – Indexed, Associative, and Multidimensional Arrays

Table of Contents Introduction to Arrays in PHP Why Use Arrays? Indexed Arrays Associative Arrays Multidimensional Arrays Array Functions in PHP Traversing Arrays in PHP Modifying Arrays Best Practices for Using Arrays Common Mistakes...

Functions in PHP – Creating Reusable Logic

Table of Contents Introduction to Functions Why Use Functions? Defining a Function in PHP Function Parameters and Return Values Default Parameters Variable Scope in Functions Anonymous Functions (Lambda Functions) Returning Multiple Values...

Loops (for, while, do-while, foreach)

Table of Contents Introduction to Loops Understanding the for Loop The while Loop The do-while Loop The foreach Loop Differences Between the Loops Best Practices for Using Loops Conclusion Introduction to Loops In programming,...