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Method of National Plan Formulation

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Methods of National Plan

The National Plan has to go through various stages in order to reach its final form. About 2-3 years before the implementation of the National Plan, the discussions on the targets and programs of the plan begins. The Planning Commission collects the data of the national product, national consumption, availability of resources, national investment and saving for the future plan and it prepares micro and macro plans, keeping in view their allocation arrangements. Thereafter, national plans along with the data sent to the National Development Council. The NDC again sends it back to Planning Commission with or without any amendment. On this basis, the ministries of Center and State Governments are asked to prepare their projects. The Planning Commission obtains suggestion from a panel of experts operating in various sectors. On the basis of the requisites of the plan obtained from different ministries and opinion of the different specialists, the Planning Commission prepares a draft memorandum of the plan, in which all the policies and important details of the plan are laid down. This draft memorandum is sent to the central cabinet for discussion. After the assessment, the central cabinet sends it to National Development Council along with its suggestions. The NDC again sends it to Planning Commission with its suggestions. The Planning Commission prepares a draft outline of the objective and programs of the plan, keeping in view the draft memorandum and suggestions given by the Cabinet and NDC. This outline is sent to the various State Governments and Central ministries. It is published after receiving acceptance from the NDC. This published format along with the reactions and suggestions of the experts is again sent to the Central Cabinet and National Development Council. The approved format is laid down in its final form, which is presented to the Lok Sabha for discussion. After getting it ratified by the parliament the government implements the Plan.

Read Also:

History of Planning Commission in India

National Development Council

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National Development Council
National Development Council (NDC) is a non-statutory body which was constituted to build co-operation between States and Planning Commission for economic planning. The National Development Council was constituted on August 6, 1952, by a proposal of the Government. The Prime Minister is the Chairman and Secretary of the Planning Commission remains its secretary. In the beginning, only the Chief Ministers of the States were its members, but after 1967, all the Ministers of Central Cabinet, Administrators of the state ruled by the Center and all the members of Planning Commission were Included as members of this body.

The National Development Council is an important organisation, whose main functions are as follows:

1. To evaluate the implementation of National Planning from time to time.

2. To examine the social and economic policies that influence the economic development.

3. To give suggestions in the order to achieve maximum co-operation of the people, improve administrative                        efficiency, suggest necessary measures for the developments of under-developed and backward classed and also to      mobilise resources for national development.

4. To study the plan preparation by the Planning Commission and after mutual discussions give it the final shape. It        is only after its ratification that the format of the plan is published.

Also Read:

Method of National Plan Formulation

International Economic Association

Planning Commission of India

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Planning Commission of India

Planning Commission of India was an institution in the government of India, which formulated India’s Five-Year-Plans, among other functions.

There is no account of Planning Commission of India in the Indian Constitution. Therefore, it was constituted in the form of an advisory and specialised institution by means of a document of Government. Consequently, the Government has been changing its nature and organisation from time to time.

The Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed the first Chairman of Planning Commission, 5 full-time members were also nominated. The ministers and scholars have been nominated in this commission from time to time, the Prime Minister remains its ex-officio Chairman. The tenure of its members and Vice Chairman is not fixed. There is no definite qualification for its members. The members are appointed by Government for its own discretion. The number of its members keep on changing according to the wish of the Government.

Functions of the Planning Commission

1. To estimate the physical, capital and human resources of the country.

2. To prepare the  plan for making effective and balanced utilisation of human resource.

3. To determine the various stages of planning and to propose the allocation of resources on the priority basis.To              indicate those factors to the Government which proves an obstacle

4. To indicate those factors to the Government which prove an obstacle for the economic development and also to              determine those circumstances which are necessary for the implementation of the plans under existing social and        political situation.

5. To evaluate from time to time the progress achieved in every stage of the plan and also to suggest remedial                    measures.

6. To advice, the Centre and the State Government on special matters referred to the commission.

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History of Planning Commission in India

Terms Pertaining to Government

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

 

 

History of Planning Commission in India

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Syskool
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Planning Commission in India

Planning Commission in India, the planned economic development began in 1951 with the inception of First Five Year Plan. The theoretical efforts for economic development in Indian economy had already begun before independence. In the year 1934, Sir M. Visheshvaraya wrote a book named ‘Planned Economy of India’, which was the first attempt in this direction. In 1938, the Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, made a National Planning Committee. Its recommendations could not be implemented due to the beginning of the Second World War and changes in the Indian Political Situation. In 1944, eight industrialists of Bombay presented the well-organised plan called “The Bombay Plan”, which could not be brought into action due to various reasons. In August 1944, the Indian Government inaugurated separate department called ‘The Planning and Development Department’ and appointed Sir Ardishar Dalal, the controller of Bombay Plan, as its acting member.

Inspired by the economic views of Mahatma Gandhi, Shri Sriman Narayan constructed a plan in 1944 which is known as ‘Gandhian Plan’. Mr. M. N. Rao, the Chairman of post-war Reconstruction Committee of Indian Trade Union, introduced a ‘People’s Plan’ in April 1945. The Planning Commission in India was introduced before independence again could not be implemented due to various reasons. In 1946, the Interim Government was formed in India. This Government established a High-Level Advisory Planning Board in order to study the problems of planning and development in the country. The Board studied all the problems very deeply and gave the recommendation to establish a stable planning commission in India at the central level which could continuously work for the planning and development of the country. In January 1950, Shri Jaiprakash Narayan published a plan called ‘Sarvodaya Plan‘. The Government did not accept the entire plan and adopted only a part of it. The Planning Commission in India was constituted on 15th March 1950, by the Government of India.
Until now ten five years plan and seven annual plans have been completed. Eleventh Plan (2007-12) which was finally approved by NDC on December 19, 2007, is in operation w.e.f. April 1, 2007.
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Constitutional Provisions for SC & ST

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Constitutional Provisions for SC & ST

Constitutional Provisions

The constitutional provisions for SC and ST are given below:

The Indian society is divided into four varnas, often referred as “Jatis or Casts”. At the lowest rung of the social hierarchy are ‘Sudras’ which has been designated as ‘Harijans’ by Gandhi and as ‘Scheduled Cast’ by the constitutions. These casts are called Scheduled Casts as these are included in the list or schedule prepared by the government. There are certain communities which have their own distinct culture and religion and are executed from the traditional social structure. These communities are called Scheduled Tribes in the Constitutions. As per the constitutional provisions (Article 341), the President of India shall prepare the list of such castes and tribes for the first time, in consultation with Governors of States. Parliament has been authorised to make subsequent modifications in such lists as and when required. It means the list of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes will not be same for all states but differ from state to state depending upon social and educational backwardness of such castes and communities. The Scheduled Cast order, 1950, issued by the Government of India states and certain castes belonging to only Hindu and Sikh religion are designated as Scheduled Casts. Thus, there are no Scheduled Casts outside these two religions. The Supreme Court of India in its verdicts in two cases – S. B. S. K. Federation (Railway) Vs. Union of India and State Bank of India, Kerala Vs. N. M. Thomas upheld that the term ‘Scheduled Casts’ does not mean some specific caste. The court, in tow other cases – Inder Prakash Vs. Dy. Commissioner, Delhi and Dadaji Vs. Sukhdev Babu declared that the authority to modify the list of Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes lies with Parliament and the court shall not consider the claims of any cast and community to be included in such lists.

Read Also: Ambedkar : The Crusader Against Caste System

The following are the measures prescribed in the Constitutional provisions for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes:

  1. According to the Article 15, the state should not discriminate against any citizen only on the ground of caste, creed, etc. More positively, Article 15(4) further states that the state may (in spite of right to equality) make special provisions for the welfare of socially and educationally backward classes. Thus, if the State takes any measures in favour of these castes and communities if would not be challenged on the ground of right to equality.
  2. According to provisions of Article 19, the state can impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of movement and residence of people, in the interest of Scheduled Tribes.
  3. Article 46 of Constitutional provisions directs the State to protect the educational interests of the weaker section of society especially the Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes.
  4. According to the provisions of Article 330, 332 and 334, the seats are reserved in the Parliament and State Legislatures in favour of the Scheduled Casts and Scheduled Tribes in proportion to their number in the population.
  5. Article 335 provides that the State shall consider the claim of members of SC/ST for making the reservation  in services, keeping in mind the efficiency of the administration.
  6. The Article 338 of the constitutional provision (as amended in 1990 by 65th Amendment) provides for the establishment of National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, which is assigned such duties as to investigate and monitor all matters related to the safeguards provided for the SC/ST in the constitution, to advice on the planning process of the development of SC/ST and to recommend suitable measures for the effective implementation of these safeguards and for the protection , welfare and advancement of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
  7. As per the provisions of Article 339, the President is authorised to appoint a Commission after 10 years of the commencement of the Constitution to report on the administration of Scheduled Area and the welfare of Scheduled Castes.
    The Government of India is also empowered to issue suitable directions to State for the welfare of Scheduled Area and Scheduled Tribes.
  8. Article 275(1) of the Constitution makes provision that the Union of India shall make grants to States for implementing welfare schemes in Scheduled Areas and for Scheduled Tribes.
  9. The Fifth and the Sixth Schedules of the constitution (with reference to article 244) make special provisions for the administration and welfare of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
  10. As per the provision of the Constitution, there shall be a separate Ministry in few states viz Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Orissa etc. which will be charged with the responsibility for the welfare of Scheduled castes in the States.
  11. The 85th amendment of the Constitution restores reservation in promotion in government jobs to the member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

Also, Read:

Caste System of India & Anti-caste and untouchability movements

The caste system in India

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