Law of Flotation of bodies :
Folk Dances Of India : India is a land of varied cultures and tradition. Each region of the country has its unique culture. Diversities in all spheres make the Indian culture quite unique. These folk dances are not as complex as the classical dances , they are very beautiful. They have in them an essence of rawness. While Indian classical dance forms were practiced in courts, temples, and special occasions, folk dances are performed for every possible occasion. These dance forms are very simple. They are full of energy and vitality. Each dance form has a specific costume and rhythm. Most of the costumes worn for folk dances are colorful with extensive jewels and designs. The following dance forms are popular in some of the Indian states:
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This form is popular in Kashmir. It is performed with long colourful robes and tall conical caps. It is accompanied by songs sung by the dancers themselves. The performers place a banner into the ground at a fixed location and they begin to dance around this banner.
It is a popular dance form of Assam. This dance form is an integral part of the Bihu festival of Assam. The Bihu festival is celebrated in the month of April, during the harvesting time and lasts for about a month. Young men and girls perform the Bihu dance together to the accompaniment of drums and pipes. The dance is performed in circles or parallel rows.
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It is a popular dance of Madhya Pradesh. It is popular in South Bastar. Men put head-gears with plumes of peacock feathers and make their way to the dancing ground. Women ornament themselves with brass fillets and bead necklaces and join the gathering. This form has a wild touch in it.
Chhau is a popular folk dance of Bihar. Masks form an important feature of Chhau. The dancers hold swords and shields while performing. The musical instruments used in this form are the Dhol (a cylindrical drum), Nagara (a huge drum) and Shehnai (reed pipes). It is full of energy and strength.
It is a popular dance form of Rajasthan. Dressed in colourful costumes the dancers play skilfully big sticks in their hands. This dance is accompanied by the musical instrument ‘Meddale’ played by the drummer in the centre.
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Dollu Kunita is a popular drum dance of Karnataka. Large drums are adorned with coloured clothes and hung around the men. This form has religious and battle fervor. They are reflected in the songs sung by the singers. The main emphasis is on a quick and light movement of the feet and legs.
It is one of the most colourful and popular dances of Southern Kerala. It is associated with the festival of certain temples, called Padayani.
Folk dances of India have added to the richness of the Indian culture. Since every folk dance is associated with some religious or social function they have become an integral part of our social milieu.
Have a look at:
Classical Dances of India: Mirror of Cultural India
Indian classical dance forms Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Kathak, Odissi
The Indian Police Service (IPS) is part of the Indian Civil Services that consist of two main sections — the All India Services and the Central Services that offers assured career path of an IPS officer and the progression in state. Indian Police Service is the ultimate fantasy for those whose blood boils against crimes and criminals. Being an IPS is not only a manly dream, but many young ladies also want to wear the khaki.
This is the premier uniformed civil service in the country. The IPS officers are responsible for the safety and security of the public. They mainly take care of the law and order, crime prevention and detection, traffic control and accident prevention and management, etc.
He can also serve the Central Government in various organizations like the Central Reserve Police Force, Border Security Force, Central Bureau of Investigation, Intelligence Bureau, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) etc.
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IPS is an all-India Service and entry to which is through one of the most toughest examination conducted every year throughout the country via; UPSC Civil Services examination. Meritorious candidates who cleared this examination and got coveted Indian Police Service have to undergo a one year training course at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA) in Hyderabad.
The training is of highest class. In SVPNA, the officer cadets are trained in various physical activities, weapons etc. They also get theoretical knowledge about IPC, various laws, social issues and management.
In the career path of an IPS officer, after the completion of training period, the officers are sent to their state cadres. In states, they get the designation of Assistant Superintendent of Police. They get the Pay Band 3 (Rs.15600 – 39,100) with Grade Pay of 5400. ASP is actually a probation period post in which time the officer learns from their senior about how the police mechanisms work in the grass root level.
After the probation is over the officer will get the Senior Time Scale at the 5th year of their service. At that time the officer will be promoted as the Additional Superintendent of Police in the districts. If he serves in any city at police commiserate then the post will be of Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police. In senior time scale, the grade pay becomes 6600.
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In the career path of an IPS officer, after gathering some experiences about how to do policing for 9 years, the officer get promoted to the Junior Administrative Grade (JAG). At that period they does mainly managerial jobs. They seldom go to the spot of crime or trouble.
JAG officers get the post of Superintendent of Police (SP) in districts. In the city police they get the post of Deputy Commissioner (DC) of police. At the time of JAG, the IPS officer’s grade pay becomes 7600. It is the highest grade pay in scale 3 (15,600-39,100).
An IPS officer gets promoted to the Selection Grade after a continuous service of 13 years. In this grade, the officer gets the post of Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) in district level. In the cities, the selection grade officer becomes Additional Commissioner of Police.
The Selection Grade officer also enjoys higher pay scales. In Selection Grade the pay band changes from PB 3 to PB 4 (37,400 – 67,000). The grade pay of Selection Grade is 8700.
After serving the police department for a period of 14 years, the IPS is upgraded to Super Time Scale. In the states, the officers of this scale occupy the post of a Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG). Officers holding Super Time Scale can be the commissioner of the small city police organizations. The grade pay in Super Time Scale is 8900 in PB4.
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In the career path of an IPS they gets the Senior Administrative Grade (SAG) after 18 years of service. At this stage of their career they become an Inspector General of Police (IG). In SAG she is entitled to have the grade pay of 10000.
An IPS officer becomes eligible for Higher Administrative Grades (HAG) after 25 years of satisfactory service. The officer gets the rank of Additional Director General of Police. These officers enjoy Pay Band 5 scales (67000-79000). Their grade pay is 12000.
Officers with brilliant career record and 30 years experience can reach the Apex Scale (80000 fixed). There is grade pay in the Apex Scale. Director General of Police (DGP) gets this scale as he is the head of the police force in his state. Also, the commissioner of mega city police forces also gets the Apex Scale. This is how the career path of an IPS officer ends with serving the State Government in various capacities ranging from Assistant Superintendent of Police at the beginning of his career to the Director General of Police at the stage of retirement.
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Garlic is one of the most common ingredients in Indian dishes but apart from imparting flavour to food, this tiny, white pod also has immense benefits of garlic in medicinal properties. Used since time immemorial to treat various ailments, garlic is one ingredient in your kitchen that has a number of uses. Here are the health benefits of garlic you should know about.
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Due to its innate compounds, benefits of garlic can keep both bacterial and viral infections at bay.
Since it has both antibacterial and antiviral properties, benefits of garlic is great when it comes to treating skin infections. The chemical ajoene found in garlic may help treat fungal skin infections like ringworm and athlete’s foot.
The anti-clotting properties of ajoene found in garlic help in preventing the formation of blood clots in the body. While this fact is great for people with heart ailments and those prone to suffering from a stroke and other clotting disorders, it may also increase the risk of bleeding after surgery.
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Allicin in garlic blocks the activity of angiotensin II (a protein that is responsible for the increase in blood pressure) and helps in reducing blood pressure. The polysulphides present in garlic are converted into a gas called hydrogen sulphide by red blood cells that help dilate your blood vessels and helps control blood pressure.
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Garlic increases insulin release and regulates blood sugar levels in your body, especially if you are a diabetic.
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Diallyl sulphides present in garlic increase the production of ferroportin (a protein that helps in the absorption and release of iron) and improves iron metabolism — all of which helps prevent iron deficiency and associated diseases like anaemia.
It can help relieve toothaches due to its antibacterial and analgesic properties. But be aware that it can be irritating to the gum
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Kathak is one of the important dance forms of India. Kathak has been derived from the word Katha, which means storytelling. This form of dance was originated in northern India. It is very similar to Bharatnatyam dance form. Kathak traces its origin to the nomadic bards of ancient northern India. These bards were also called Kathakars. They used to recite religious and mythological tales to the accompaniment music mime and dance. Today its form contains traces of temple and ritual dances. It also has on it influences of the Bhakti Movement.
This dance form assumed the form of courtly entertainment under the influence of Persian and Muslim traditions. Some medieval rulers and Nawabs provided patronage to Kathak dancers. Medieval traditions imparted Kathak a specific Hindu-Muslim texture. This dance form went on changing its form and character with the passage of time. Not only the form but also the dress of the Kathak dancers showed changes.
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Many emperors and princely states contributed in the growth and development of this form of dance into different gharanas.These gharans were named after the cities in which they were involved. Each gharana has its particular style. The different gharanas of Kathak are:
Jaipur Gharana: It developed in the courts of Kanchwaha kings of Jaipur in Rajasthan. In this style, the importance is placed on the more technical aspects of dance, such as complex and powerful footwork, multiple spins, and complicated compositions in different talas. In this style, there is a lot of usage of compositions from the pakhawaj such as parans.
Must Read: Indian classical dance forms Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Odissi
Lucknow Gharana: It came into existence mainly in the court of Wajid Ali Shah, the Nawab of Oudh. This gharana or style Kathak emphasized dramatic and sensuous expression. The Lucknow gharana of Kathak attained maturity , through the efforts of Thakur Prasad Maharaj, the court dancer and guru of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Presently , Birju Maharaj is considered the chief representative of this gharana.
Benares Gharana: This style or form was developed by Janakiprasad. The characteristic features of this style or gharana is the exclusive use of the natwari or dance bols. They are different from the table and pakhawaj bols. There is also the greater use of the stage.
Also Read: Classical Dances of India: Mirror of Cultural India
Raigarh Gharana: This style was established by the Maharaja Chakradhar Singh in the princely state of Raigarh. The Maharaja invited many expert Kathak dancers as a well as famous percussionists to his court. The confluence of different styles and artistes created a unique environment for the development of Kathak and table compositions. Some of the renowned dancers of this form are Late Pt. Kartik , Late Pt. Kalayandas Mahant, Dr. Rakhi Dubey, Vaasanti Vaishali, Annapurna Sharma, ec.
This form of dances are performed straight-legged and the ankle bells worn by the dancers. The more emphasis is more on footwork unlike hasta mudras or hand formations in Bharatnatyam dance. All compositions are so performed that the final step and beat of the composition lands on the sam meaning even or equal. Almost all the compositions also have ‘bols’ (rhythmic words). The recitation of these bols forms an integral part of the performance. Kathak dance can be performed by both men and women. In Kathak the dancer is not required strictly to stick to fixed steps and stages. He or she can change the sequence of steps to suit his or her skill and style of dancing. Birju Maharaj and Uma Sharma are modern exponents of Kathak dance.
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