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Why do we need to sleep ?

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Sleep is a normal activity in most higher organisms. Every human being, on average, spends a third of his or her life sleeping. Babies and children spend more time sleeping than adults while old people sleep less. The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock which usually coincides with the day-night cycle. We do not know yet what sleep does to our body except that we feel refreshed after a good night’s sleep. But what lack of sleep does to an individual is quite well known. Prolonged lack of sleep leads to irritability, lack of concentration and even hallucinations. Thus, sleep certainly has a restorative function which helps the body face another active day.

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What is the mythological story behind the Kumbh festival ?

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The Kumbh festival is related to the myth about the churning of the ocean to get the nectar of immortality. The churning was done by both the gods and the demons. After the churning, there was a fight over distribution of the nectar. Some stories suggest that Lord Vishnu disguised himself as a beautiful lady and seized the nectar. While fleeing from the demons he placed the nectar on Garuda. A few drops fell on Allahabad, Nashik, Haridwar and Ujjain. Since then Kumbh Melas are held at these sites. Another version of the story suggests that during the chase the pot (Kumbh) was kept on the ground and the places where it was kept later became the sites of the festival. As the story goes, it took 12 days to carry the nectar to heaven. One day of the gods is equal to one human year, and hence the festival is celebrated every 12 years.

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The first written evidence of the Kumbh Mela comes from the writings of legendary Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang who became famous because of his 17-year journey to India during the reign of Harshavardhana of Kannauj. Between CE 629-644, Tsang travelled across the length and breadth of the country. Several historians link this festival to Shankaracharya, the famous religious preacher. The eighth-century Hindu theologian and philosopher travelled across the country to revive Hinduism which at that point of time was being threatened by Jainism and Buddhism. Many experts believe that the Kumbh Mela might be linked with his efforts for the revival of the Hindu religion.

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Why do rain clouds appear black ?

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When we see something as black, it signifies the absence of light in that particular object. The composition of these rain-bearing clouds is rather thick because these clouds contain lots of thick fog, almost ready to condense into water droplets. These kinds of clouds do not allow much light to pass through. If the scattered light of the sky does not get passage, the obstructing object looks black. In this case, the large obstruction.

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What is the difference between meteors, meteorites, meteoroids and asteroids ? And what are comets ?

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Asteroids are space rocks that orbit the Sun. They are the small bodies of the inner solar system found typically between Mars and Jupiter. There is no clear dividing line between asteroids and meteoroids. A space rock that is bigger than a grain but smaller than an asteroid is a meteoroid. After entering Earth’s atmosphere, a meteoroid gets heated up, starts glowing and ultimately vapourises. Meteoroids that leave a visible streak of light and get completely vapourised are called meteors or shooting stars. If a small asteroid or a large meteoroid succeeds in landing on the surface, it is called a meteorite.

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Like asteroids, comets arc also believed to be space debris or fragments left over after the formation of the solar system. But unlike asteroids, comets are thought to have originated from a region beyond the orbit of the outermost planet. They revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits. Many of these orbits go far beyond the planets. Comets are made of ice, rock,and organic compounds and their diameter can stretch up to several kilometers. A detailed knowledge of comets’ chemical composition might provide vital information about the conditions from which Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago. It is believed that the life on Earth began after bombardment by comets since comets have abundant supply of water and carbon-based molecules.

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When were the Oscar Awards first given ?

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The Oscar Awards, also known as the Academy Awards, are annually given by the US-based Academy of Motion

Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in the film industry. The Oscars are given in 24 categories. The first awards were given in 1929 in a low-key event held in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. The first year of the awards received little media attention. Over the years, it gained in popularity to become the grand spectacle that it is today.

The Academy that chooses the winners does not publicly disclose its entire membership but admits to having over 6,000 voting members. These members represent 15 areas of film-making. Members from each of the areas vote to determine the nominees in their respective categories. The nomination ballots are mailed to the active members, who by the third week of January announce the final nominations. The final nominations are then re-sent to the members for voting and each member can vote.

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