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Mumps

By
Syskool
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2

Mumps is no longer a disease that only affects the children. The primary reason for the increased number of cases of this disease is due to mini outbreaks in specific parts of the world. Mumps is a contagious viral infection that used to be common in children. It’s most recognizable by the painful swellings of the salivary glands at the side of the face under the ears (parotid glands).

Must Read: Thyroid Diseases

Causes of Mumps

The cause of this disease is the mumps virus, which spreads easily from person to person through infected saliva. It can spread by breathing in saliva droplets of an infected person who has just sneezed or coughed. You can also contract this disease from sharing utensils or cups with someone who has mump.

Symptoms

Mumps typically starts with a few days of fever; the headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite, and is followed by swelling of salivary glands. In addition, up to 20% of persons infected with the virus do not show symptoms.

Also Read: Chickenpox and Shingles – Diseases Caused by Virus Varicella zoster

Treatment

Because mumps is caused by a virus, antibiotics aren’t effective. Like most viral illnesses, a mumps infection must simply run its course. Fortunately, most children and adults recover from an uncomplicated case of mump within about two weeks. If you or your child has mump, time and rest are the best treatments. You can take some steps to ease pain and discomfort and keep others from becoming infected.

  • Rest in bed until the fever goes away.
  • Isolate yourself or your child to prevent spreading the disease to others. Take pain relievers
  • Use a warm or cold compress to ease the pain of swollen glands.
  • Avoid foods that require lots of chewing. Instead, try broth-based soups or soft foods, such as mashed potatoes or cooked oatmeal, for nourishment.
  • Avoid citrus fruits or juices, which stimulate saliva production.
  • Drink plenty of fluids

Complications

Mumps will usually pass without causing serious damage to a person’s health. Most mumps complications involve inflammation and swelling in some part of the body, such as the pancreas, ovaries and brain membranes and fluid around the brain and spinal cord. In rare cases, mumps can cause hearing loss and pregnancy loss.

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Prevention

In general, you’re considered immune to mumps if you’ve previously had the infection or if you’ve been immunized against mump. The mump vaccine is usually given as a combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine, which contains the safest and most effective form of each vaccine.

Two doses of the MMR vaccine are recommended before a child enters school:

  • The first between ages 12 and 15 months
  • The second between ages 4 and 6 years, or between 11 and 12 if not previously given

Once both doses are given, the vaccine provides 95% protection against mump.

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Fascinating facts about Comet

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Syskool
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0
  • The name comet comes from the Greek word meaning ‘hair of the head’, it came from the Greek philosopher Aristotle who observed comets as ‘stars with hair’.
  • The nucleus of a comet is made of ice and can be as small as a few meters across to giant boulders a few kilometres across.
  • The closest point in a comet’s orbit to the Sun is called “perihelion”. The most distant point is called “aphelion”.
  • As a comet gets closer to the Sun, it begins to experience heat. That causes some of its ices to sublimate (similar to dry ice sizzling in sunlight). If the ice is close to the comet’s surface, it may form a small “jet” of material spewing out from the comet like a mini-geyser.
  • Comets are usually made of frozen water and supercold methane, ammonia and carbon dioxide ices. Those are mixed with rock, dust, and other metallic bits of solar system debris.
  • Comets have two tails: a dust tail (which you can see with the naked eye) and a plasma tail, which is easily photographed but difficult to see with your eyes.
  • Comets are not spaceships or alien bases. They are fascinating bits of solar system material that date back to the formation of the Sun and planets.
  • Comet orbits are elliptical. It brings them close to the sun and takes them far away.
  • Halley’s Comet is the most well known comet. It is known as a periodic comet (or short term comet) because the time it takes to orbit the Sun is less than 200 years.
  • The first comet shown to be periodic was Halley’s Comet, 1P/Halley, in 1705.
  • Records of humans observing Halley’s Comet go back thousands of years, with appearances noted by Babylonian, Chinese and European star gazers.
  • Comets are thought to originate in one of two theorized regions in the Solar System: the Oort Cloud
    of the Kuiper Belt
  • The lander, named Philae, has taken over ten years to reach comet known as 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko on the space probe Rosetta.
  • The assassination of Julius Caesar, the Black Death and King Harold’s defeat at the Battle of Hastings were all blamed on comets.
  • Edmond Halley suggested that Noah’s Flood was caused by a comet’s collision with earth

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10 Things to Learn From Narendra Modi

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Syskool
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Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi is a name we all have heard of, and the Lok Sabha Elections were enough to prove the faith the country that happens to be the largest democracy of the world has put in this man.

10 Things to Learn From Narendra Modi

Public Speaking Skills
The man has something in his voice that makes head turn. Even the people who don’t happen to like him have agreed that they never miss a speech by the Indian Prime Minister. And we can’t even say that this all is because of someone who writes his speeches, as the Independence Day saw him speaking without any written speeches, and this sure is going to be one of the most remembered speeches from an Indian PM.
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Discipline
The 15th Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi has always led a disciplined life. Ever since he was made a bal swayam sevak in RSS, which is known to instill discipline in all its members, he has followed a disciplined regimen.

Determination
Ever since Narendra Modi was a child who used to help his father and brother in their tea stalls, he was determined to make it big for himself. He has been associated with RSS since an early age, and that shows the determination that eight-year old possessed and this 64-year-old possesses.

Detailing
This is something for people who plan a lot. Learning from a meticulous planner that Mr. Narendra Modi is, you should care to have a love for detailing. For reaching out to the Indian population, Modi travelled more than 3.5 lakhs Kms and did 400 rallies, even to places where no one usually goes. This micro detailing helps a lot in efficient planning, leading to better results.

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Love For Technology
The man is tech-savvy and likes to keep himself up to date with all the developments in the field. He tweets and posts important details of his life and journey within minutes of it happening. While we can learn from this, we should also know the clear difference there is between love for technology and being a slave for it.

Love For Fitness
Narendra Modi is a big yoga enthusiast and never forgets to do it, no matter how busy he is. Perhaps, this is the reason why he is this active at this age. This is also something that we can and should learn from him.

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Enthusiasm
Even at the age of 64, the enthusiasm with which Narendra Modi lives his life is commendable. Be it playing drums on his recent visit to Japan or answering questions of various Indian students on Teacher’s Day, he has never left his
enthusiastic persona.
Patience
After full proof planning, which leads to his confidence, Narendra Modi is not a man who can be impatient and jump on to conclusions or be restless for results. This patience and the tendency of keeping his calm and not behaving like a kid has proved to be very useful for him. It’s a hard sight to see the man angry, overpowered by emotions, or losing his patience. This is something which if learned can prove to be a changing point in our lives.
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Leadership Skills
If you remember well, Narendra Modi promised to work one hour more than his subordinates did in a public speech. This is not something an inefficient leader would be able to say. He is an efficient leader and leads by his words; learning this skill from him can be beneficial for our professional lives.
Humbleness
Even though Narendra Modi is the Prime Minister of world’s largest democracy, his position has not gone to his head. He comes across as a very humble human being and this is evident by the way he addresses the nation and answers all the questions he is put across. Being humble can take place and this is also something to learn from him.

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Facts About Electricity

By
Syskool
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1
Do you know facts about Electricity

Electricity is the energy that makes everything work. It is also linked to magnetism. Together, as electromagnetism, they are one of the four fundamental forces holding the Universe together. Do you know facts about Electricity that they are made by tiny bits of atoms called electrons. Electrons have an electrical charge which is a force that either pulls bits of atoms together or pushes them apart.

  • Some particles (a bit of atoms) have a negative electrical charge; others have a positive charge.
  • Particles with the same charge push each other away. Particles with the opposite charge pull together.
  • Electrons have a negative electrical charge.
  • There are the same number of positive and negative particles in most atoms so the charges usually balance out.
  • Do you know facts about Electricity that Electricity is created when electrons move, building up negative charge in one place, or carrying it along.
  • Static electricity is when the negative charge stays in one place. Current electricity is when the charge moves.
  • Electric charge is measured with an electroscope.
  • Materials that let electrons (and electrical charge) move through them easily, such as copper, are called conductors. Materials that stop electrons passing through, such as rubber, are called insulators.
  • Most electricity is generated in power stations by magnets that spin between coils of wire to induce an electric current (see electric circuits).
  • The magnets are turned by turbines, which are themselves either turned by steam heated by burning coal, oil or gas, or by nuclear fuel or turned by wind or water.
  • The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, the more coils there are, so the bigger the voltage created.
  • Simple dynamos generate a direct current (DC) that always flows in the same direction.
  • The generators in power stations are alternators that give an alternating current (AC) which continually swaps direction. In an alternator, as the magnets spin, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other.
  • The system of power transmission that takes electricity into homes was developed by Croatian-born US engineer Nikola Tesla at Niagara, the USA in the 1880s.
  • Do you know facts about Electricity that Electricity from power stations is distributed around a country in a network of cables known as the grid.
  • Power station generators push out 25,000 volts or more. This voltage is too much to use in people’s homes, but not enough to transmit over long distances.
  • Do you know facts about Electricity that to transmit electricity over long distances, the voltage is boosted to 400,000 volts by step-up transformers. It is fed through high-voltage cables. Near its destination, the electricity’s voltage is reduced by step-down transformers at substations for distribution to homes, shops, offices, and factories.
  • An electric charge that does not move is called static electricity (see electricity). A charge may flow in a current providing there is an unbroken loop or circuit.
  • A current only flows through a good conductor such as copper, namely a material that transmits charge well.
  • A current only flows if there is a driving force to push the charge. This force is called an electromotive force (emf).
  • The emf is created by a battery or a generator.
  • Do you know facts about Electricity that Currents were once thought to flow like water. In fact, they move like a row of marbles knocking into each other.
  • In a good conductor, there are lots of free electrons that are unattached to atoms. These are the ‘marbles.
  • A current only flows if there are more electrons at one point in the circuit. This difference called the potential difference, is measured in volts.
  • The rate at which current flows is measured in amps. It depends on the voltage and the resistance (how much the circuit obstructs the flow of current). Resistance is measured in ohms.
  • A metal strip, moved by the torch’s switch, connects the current from the batteries to the light bulb. 110 Spring Batteries Switch Metal strip Light bulb
  • Batteries give out Direct Current (DC), a current that flows in one direction. Power stations send out Alternating Current (AC), which swaps direction 50-60 times per second.
  • Most electricity is generated in power stations by magnets that spin between coils of wire to induce an electric current (see electric circuits).
  • The magnets are turned by turbines, which are themselves either turned by steam heated by burning coal, oil or gas, or by nuclear fuel or turned by wind or water.
  • The stronger the magnet, the faster it turns, the more coils there are, so the bigger the voltage created.
  • Simple dynamos generate a direct current (DC) that always flows in the same direction.
  • The generators in power stations are alternators that give an alternating current (AC) which continually swaps direction. In an alternator, as the magnets spin, they pass the wires going up on one side and down on the other.
  • The system of power transmission that takes electricity into homes was developed by Croatian-born US engineer Nikola Tesla at Niagara, the USA in the 1880s.
  • Do you know facts about Electricity that Electricity from power stations is distributed around a country in a network of cables known as the grid.
  • Power station generators push out 25,000 volts or more. This voltage is too much to use in people’s homes, but not enough to transmit over long distances.
  • To transmit electricity over long distances, the voltage is boosted to 400,000 volts by step-up transformers. It is fed through high-voltage cables. Near its destination, the electricity’s voltage is reduced by step-down transformers at substations for distribution to homes, shops, offices, and factories.

 

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Basic Facts About Oil

By
Syskool
-
0
facts about Oil

Oils are liquids that do not dissolve in water and burn easily. Oils are usually made from long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Do you know facts about Oil that there are three main kinds of oil: essential, fixed and mineral oils. Essential oils are thin, perfumed oils from plants. They are used in flavouring and aromatherapy. Fixed oils are made by plants and animals from fatty acids. They include fish oils and nut and seed oils. Mineral oils come from petroleum formed underground over millions of years from the remains of micro-organisms.

Facts About Oil

  • Petroleum, or crude oil, is made mainly of hydrocarbons. These are compounds made only of hydrogen and carbon, such as methane (see oil compounds).
  • Hydrocarbons in petroleum are mixed with oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and other elements.
  • Petroleum is separated by distillation into various substances such as aviation fuel, petrol or gasoline and paraffin. As oil is heated in a distillation column, a mixture of gases evaporates. Each gas cools and condenses at different heights to a liquid, or fraction, which is then drawn off.
  • Hydrocarbons are compounds made only of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Most oil products are hydrocarbons.
  • The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, the main gas in natural gas (and flatulence from cows!).
  • Methane molecules are one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.
  • Alkanes or Paraffins are a family of hydrocarbons in which the number of hydrogen atoms is two more than twice the number of carbon atoms.
  • Lighter alkanes are gases such as methane and propane which make good fuels.
  • Candles contain a mixture of alkanes.
  • Alkenes or olefins are a family of hydrocarbons in which there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms.
  • The simplest alkene is ethene, also called ethylene (C2 1-1 4) which is used to make polythene and other plastics such as PVC.
  • Do you know facts about Oil that Green bananas and tomatoes are often ripened rapidly in ripening rooms filled with ethene.
  • Ethene is the basis of many paint strippers.
  • Ethene can be used to make ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic drinks.
  • Do you know facts about Oil that Crude oil is considered the “mother of all commodities” because of its use in the manufacturing of numerous products, including gasoline, synthetic fabrics, plastics and pharmaceuticals.
  • Approximately 50% of all the oil consumed in the U.S. is for the transportation industry.
  • Texas is the leading state in crude oil production with over 5 billion barrels in reserves.
  • Crude oil is measured in barrels, which are each equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons.
  • Products like fertilizers, plastics, car tires, ammonia, perfumes and even bubble gum are synthesized using petroleum products obtained during the crude oil refining process.
  • OPEC countries hold over three-quarters of the world’s proven oil reserves, and that number is rising.
  • The U.S. has over 200,000 miles of oil pipelines within its borders.
  • Saudi Arabia’s Ghawar oil field contains about 85 billion barrels of oil (the world’s largest).
  • Do you know facts about Oil that Oil is created from the decomposition of organic materials under intense heat and pressure over millions of years.
  • The largest oil spill in history, the Deep water Horizon oil spill in 2010, spilled 4.2 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico.
  • Oil has been used by people for over 5,000 years, once used as a medicine for treating ailments such as gout and frostbite.
  • Oil was first successfully drilled in the U.S. in Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859.
  • Crude oil was first pumped from the ground in Sichuan, China 2,500 years ago.
  • Glycerin — a sweet-tasting synthetic ingredient used in toothpaste and other products — is a petrochemical derived from oil.
  • Do you know facts about Oil that Oil is used to make common synthetic fabrics like polyester, nylon, vinyl and acrylic.
  • Canada has the third largest amount of reserves of any country, 97% of which are in oil sands.
  • The Trans-Alaska Pipeline has shipped over 16 billion barrels of oil since it came online in 1977.

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