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5 Key Reasons Why You Feel Tired

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Syskool
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Here are 5 Reasons Why You Feel Tired

  • Acidic Cells – During the daytime, when sodium and calcium enter the cell and push out potassium and magnesium, you have a change in the conditions within the cell. As the day progresses, the cell becomes more acidic, more toxic. The build-up of sodium and calcium and the diminution of potassium and magnesium are what lead to tiredness and the need to sleep. It is said that every hour we sleep before midnight is worth two hours of sleep after midnight, and in terms of our ability to effectively cleanse, this is correct.
  • Lack of Sleep – At the end of the day, when we have a build-up of toxicity in our cells, it is important to get enough sleep to cleanse. During that time, the sodium and calcium, under the attractive influence of the moon, move back out of the cell, and the potassium and magnesium move back in. As the sodium and calcium leave the cell, they bring with them toxicity. Once out of the cells, the toxins enter the lymphatic system. They move through it until they reach the blood. With each heartbeat, the lymph will drop into the blood. So the toxins move from the cell into the lymph and then into the blood. The blood flows around the body to the liver, which is the great filter. The liver extracts the toxicity from the blood, discharges it into the bile, and the bile flows via the common bile duct into the gall bladder. From here it travels into the duodenum, goes through the small intestines into the colon and finally out of the body.
  • Taking Short Breaths – Toxins are also expelled through the skin and lungs. Every time we exhale, we not only release carbon dioxide but also toxins. However, the movement from cell to lymph, lymph to blood, blood to liver, liver to bile and out is our primary route of detoxification. This route of elimination must be free flowing for us to remain healthy, and we need to detoxify on a daily basis. We can help this process by taking long, rejuvenating breaths in and out.
  • Poor Functioning Electrolytes – If the night-time cleanse is complete and all of the sodium, calcium and toxicity leave the cell, the charge around the cell membrane will be correct by the end of the night. When this happens, the person wakes up feeling refreshed, energized and ready for the day ahead. It is very common, however, for people to wake up tired in the morning even after a long night’s sleep. This is because the cellular exchange of electrolytes is not fully functioning; therefore, the person is not fully cleansing.
  • The Phase of the Moon- In the day/night cycle we see that the moon has a strong influence on sodium, but it also has further subtle influences on us. If you think of the zodiac as a means of marking the passage of time, the position of the moon in the zodiac changes roughly every two to three days. Each zodiac sign influences a different part of our body.

During the waxing phase of the moon it is much easier for the cell to draw things into itself. During the waning phase of the moon it is much easier for the cell to release. This means that nurturing takes place more on the waxing moon and detoxifying more on the waning moon.

UPSC Syllabus of Prelims and Mains Examination

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Syskool
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UPSC Syllabus

The Union Public Service Commission Conducts Exams for selection into IAS, IPS, IFS and other allied services. Here is the list of the the UPSC Syllabus for UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains. Knowing the UPSC Syllabus is key to begin your preparation for UPSC Exam.

UPSC Syllabus – Preliminary Examination

UPSC Syllabus of Preliminary Exam consists of two compulsory papers of 200 marks each  (Paper I and Paper II) and carries a maximum of 400 marks. The Preliminary Examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Preliminary Examination by the candidate who are declared qualified for appearing in the Main Examination are not  counted for final ranking; it is just for the qualification for Mains Exam.

Must Read: Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

UPSC Syllabus for Paper I of Prelims

  • Current events of national and international importance.
  • History of India and Indian National Movement.
  • Indian and World Geography – Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
  • Indian Polity and Governance – Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
  • Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
  • General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change – that do not require subject specialization.
  • General Science.

UPSC Syllabus for Paper II of Prelims

  • Comprehension.
  • Interpersonal skills including communication skills.
  • Logical reasoning and analytical ability.
  • Decision-making and problem-solving.
  • General mental ability.
  • Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. – Class X level).

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Note 1: The CSAT  or Paper-II of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination will be a qualifying paper only with a minimum of 33% to be secured to sit for the Civil Services (Mains) Exam.

Note 2: The questions in both Paper-I (current affairs) and Paper-II (aptitude test) will be of multiple choice, objective type for 200 marks each and the time allotted for each paper is two hours.

Note 3: It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both the papers of Civil Services (Prelim) Examination for the purpose of evaluation. Therefore a candidate will be disqualified in case he or she does not appear in both the papers of the (Prelims) Exam.

Read Also: Civil Service (IAS) Eligibility

UPSC Syllabus – Mains Examination

UPSC Syllabus of Main Examination consists of written examination and an interview test. The written examination consists of 9 papers of conventional essay type in the subjects out of which two papers are of qualifying in nature. Marks obtained in compulsory papers (Paper I to Paper VII) and in Interview for Personality Test are counted for ranking.

Candidates will be alloted to the various services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preference expressed by them for the various services and posts.

The written examination will consist of the following papers:-

Qualifying Papers:

Paper-A, Marks – 300

(One of the Indian Language to be selected by the candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to the Indian Constitution).

Paper-B, Marks – 300

English

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Papers to be counted for Merit

Paper-I, Marks – 250

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Paper-II, Marks – 250

General Studies – I: Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society.

  • Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
  • Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant
    events, personalities, issues.
  • The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors /contributions from different
    parts of the country.
  • Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
  • History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial revolution, world wars, redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
  • Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
  • Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues, poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
  • Effects of globalization on Indian society
  • Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism.
  • Salient features of world’s physical geography.
  • Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian subcontinent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
  • Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including waterbodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

Also Read: Things to Keep in Mind While Choosing Optional Paper for IAS Exam

Paper – III, Marks – 250

General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.

  • Indian Constitution – historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure.
  • Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the
    federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
  • Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
  • Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries .
  • Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
  • Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary-Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
  • Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
  • Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various
    Constitutional Bodies.
  • Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
  • Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
  • Development processes and the development industry-the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
  • Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the
    performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the
    protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
  • Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health,
    Education, Human Resources.
  • Issues relating to poverty and hunger.
  • Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance- applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.
  • Role of civil services in a democracy.
  • India and its neighborhood- relations.
  • Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
  • Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora.
  • Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

Read Also: Role of Civil Servants (IAS, IPS, IRS, IFS and IES)

Paper-IV, Marks – 250

General Studies-III: Technology, Economic Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management.

  • Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
  • Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
  • Government Budgeting.
  • Major crops cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and
    irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
  • Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
  • Food processing and related industries in India-scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
  • Land reforms in India.
  • Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.
  • Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
  • Investment models.
  • Science and Technology-developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
  • Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
  • Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and
    issues relating to intellectual property rights.
  • Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
  • Disaster and disaster management.
  • Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
  • Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
  • Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-laundering and its prevention.
  • Security challenges and their management in border areas-linkages of organized crime with
    terrorism
  • Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

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Paper-V, Marks – 250

General Studies- IV : Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude

This paper includes questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will be covered:

  • Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships. Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values.
  • Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.
  • Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service , integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.
  • Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance.
  • Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
  • Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
  • Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity;
    Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
  • Case Studies on above issues.

Paper-VI, Marks – 250

Optional Subject – Paper I

Paper-VII, Marks – 250

Optional Subject – Paper II

Candidates may choose any one optional subject from amongst the list of subjects given below.

Also Read: Career Path of an IPS Officer

List of Optional Subjects for Mains Examination

  1. Agriculture
  2. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
  3. Anthropology
  4. Botany
  5. Chemistry
  6. Civil Engineering
  7. Commerce and Accountancy
  8. Economics
  9. Electrical Engineering
  10. Geography
  11. Geology
  12. History
  13. Law
  14. Management
  15. Mathematics
  16. Mechanical Engineering
  17. Medical Science
  18. Philosophy
  19. Physics
  20. Political Science and International Relations
  21. Psychology
  22. Public Administration
  23. Sociology
  24. Statistics
  25. Zoology
  26. Literature of any of the following languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and English.

NOTE: the expression “Qualifying” suggests that if one does not get 33% in the qualifying subject s/he is not entitled to get final result from UPSC.

Must Read: How to Crack IAS Exam? 10 Tips for IAS Preparation

UPSC Syllabus – Interview/Personality Test, Marks 275

  • Candidates who qualify the UPSC Mains Exam  move to the next and final phase called ‘Personality Test/Interview’ in which s/he is interviewed by a Board that has before them a record of his/her career. He/she will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only his/her intellectual qualities but also social traits and his/her interest in current affairs.
  • Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear and logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, ability for social cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.
  • The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended to reveal the mental qualities of the candidate. Candidate can give preference of the language in which they may like to be interviewed. UPSC will make arrangement for the translators.
  • The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers. Candidates are expected to have  an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thoughts and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of a  well educated youth.

Total Marks for Written Examination – 1750 Marks

Interview/Personality Test – 275 Marks

Grand Total – 2025 Marks

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Hindi Books for UPSC Civil Services Preparation

By
Syskool
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upsc hindi books

History

NCERT – 6th to 12th Class
Guide of Agnihotri
Adhunik Bharat – Bipin Chandra
Prachin Bharat – K. C. Srivastava
Madhya Kalin Bharat – Harish Chandra Verma
Unique Guide

Geography

NCERT
Bharat Ka Bhugol and Viswa ka Bhugol – Suresh Prasad
Bhugol – Kapadia
Book written by Savinder Singh

Polity

NCERT class 6
Bharat Ka Samvidhan – Laxmikant Mittal
Hamari Sansad – Subhash Kashyap
Bharat Ka Samvidhan – Subhash Kashyap

Economics

Bhartiya Arthavyavastha – Sarthak Publication
Bhartiya Arthavyavastha – Dutta and Sundaram
Pratiyogita Darpan Bhartiya Arthvyavath Special Issue

11 Must Do Things in Last 20 Days IAS Exam Preparation

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Syskool
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38
preparation before exam
preparation before exam

The topper of UPSC Civil Services Exam Rachit Raj has suggested 11 things to do in the last 20 days of preparation before the exam. These 11 points are highly recommended to every aspirant:

1. Focus more on revision now. You have studied a lot since you are preparing for a long time, so now give your time for revision so as to recollect maximum at the time of the exam.

2. Do a lot of question practice as it will prepare you for the final exam. With practice, you become perfect in how to select the best option, how to eliminate wrong ones, how to deal when you do not answer, how to deal when you have partial knowledge, etc.

3. Don’t break off with newspaper. It really gives you some information which may become fruitful. Don’t go into that depth but just have an overview which doesn’t take much of your time.

4. Try to give mock tests and while solving questions assume that you are giving prelims final exam so do accordingly and then check your score and mistakes and further try to understand where you have committed a mistake and how to rectify in future.

5. Get to know your strengths and weakness and you can hit upon accordingly. While solving questions you get the ability to control on guesswork which is really needed as negative marking gonna reduce your marks.

6. Don’t be depressed if you get low marks now as it is the best stage to learn for future and seriously the mock tests are designed in a different way as compared to the final prelims paper. So fewer marks should not bother you. I will narrate here about my experience. My prelims were on 26th May and around 10th to 20th May when I was giving tests I was getting a score of 50-65 out of 200. So don’t be depressed and off your mood.

7. In fact, you will tend to know which area you are missing and what are the reasons. So just honestly commit yourself and learn.

8. Don’t be afraid of a new type of questions if you get they are meant to teach you, so know and learn about them. No need to panic in such a situation.

9. Be relaxed and be confident about your preparation. If you have been honest all through, your honesty would be definitely rewarded.

10. No stress, no junk food, have a healthy diet and sleep well. Don’t take much tension as it is going to decrease your efficiency. Thereby follow your normal routine with effective introspection.

11. You have given your best and now the time has come that the whole world would conspire for your success !!! So cheer up and rejoice and give your best !!! It’s all yours !!!!

Author of this article is Mr. Rachit Raj (IAS)

10 Greatest Minds of Ancient India

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Syskool
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minds ancient india

India has been a land of various great scientific studies and discoveries. Following list includes 10 ancient names from the endless list of greatest minds from the field of science, astronomy, and mathematics in India.

Kapila (7th century BC)

An ancient sage, he founded the sankhya, one of the six vedic philosophical school. The theory on evolution of the universe put forward by this school states that universe originated from eternal and invisible prakriti which comprises the gunas and tamas, rajas and sattva.

Sushruta (6th century BC)

A skilled surgeon of ancient times, he is well known for his many notable contributions. Adapt in performing plastic surgery operations he mastered methods to remove kidney stones and cataracts, and identify and treat fractures. He was the first to advice caesarean operation. He developed the concept of asepsis and realised the importance of anaesthesia for operations. His work, Sushruta samhita, is of special value for its description of surgical techniques and about 101 instruments used in surgery.

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Kanada (6th century BC)

Also Kasyapa or Aulukya. He proponounded a theory for the evolution of universe which bears great similarity to the modern atomic theory. His Vaiseshika sutras explaining that the universe is made up of invisible anoos which exists in different combinations.

Charaka (between 3rd and 2nd century BC)

Indian Ayurvedic medicine owes its origin to Charaka who lived before 200-100 BC. He wrote the first book on medicine, the Charaka Samhita, dealing with the anatomy and functioning of the body and foetal development. He stated the three humours of the body to be vayu, pitta, and Kapha.

Aryabhatta I (476-500)

An astronomer and mathematician, he wrote the Aryabhattya, a treatise explaining new system and concept such as alphabetical order for numbers, trigonometric sine tables, the deriving of roots of numbers and eccentric-epicentric planetary motion. He calculated the accurate value of Pi to be 3.1416. He was the first Indian astronomer to suggest that earth was sphere and that it rotates on its axis. He advanced a theory for occurrence of eclipses.

Varahamihira (505-587)

An astronomer and mathematician born near Ujjain, who strongly believed in stellar and planetary influences upon man. He is famous for his Panka siddhantika, a book on astronomy displaying great knowledge and brilliance of mind. It dwells on Indian as well as Greek, Roman and Egyptian astronomical thoughts providing many calculations and even the Ptolemaic mathematical tables and charts.

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Brahmagupta (598-665)

Noted ancient mathematician and astronomer, he introduced negative numbers. He used algebra for calculation in astronomy for the first time in India. According to Alberuni, he zero its status in mathematics. He is author of Brahmasphuta Siddhanta.

Bhaskara I (7th century)

He was a leading exponent of the system of astronomy propounded by Aryabhatta I.

Aryabhatta II (950-1100)

Another ancient Indian astronomer and mathematician who wrote Mahasiddhanta and Aryasiddhanta. He has discussed problem relating to geography, such as diurnal motion on lunar eclipses, on geometry and algebra.

Bhaskara II (1114-1185)

Bhaskaracharya was the first mathematician to write a book on mathematics using decimal system of numbers. He introduced the plus and minus signs and conclude that dividing an integer by zero would be infinity. His books on subjects are Lilavathi and Bijaganita.

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