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Indian Railway Zones and Their Headquarters

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Syskool
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railway zone india

Ther are 17 Railway Zones in India in which Indian Railways has been divided for better administration. These zones are further subdivided into 73 divisions across India. General Manager or GM heads the zonal headquarters and Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) leads in divisional head offices.

  1. Northern Railway –Delhi
  2. North Eastern Railway – Gorakhpur
  3. Northeast Frontier Railway – Maligaon (Guwahati)
  4. Eastern Railway- Kolkata
  5. South Eastern Railway – Kolkata
  6. South Central Railway – Secunderabad
  7. Southern Railway – Chennai
  8. Central Railway – Mumbai
  9. Western Railway – Mumbai
  10. South Western Railway – Hubli
  11. North Western Railway – Jaipur
  12. West Central Railway – Jabalpur
  13. North Central Railway – Allahabad
  14. South East Central Railway – Bilaspur
  15. East Coast Railway – Bhubaneswar
  16. East Central Railway – Hajipur
  17. Kolkata Metro – Kolkata

railway zoneMust Read:

India’s Longest Railway Routes

Bharatmala Road and Highways Project

Hockey – A brief introduction

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Syskool
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hockey

The word hockey itself is of unknown origin, although it is likely a derivative of hoquet, a Middle French word for a shepherd’s stave. The curved, or “hooked” ends of the sticks used for hockey would indeed have resembled these staves. IN 1875, the first game of ice hockey was played in Montreal Canada. The game probably evolved from the game of field hockey that was played in Northern Europe for hundreds of year.

Hockey in India

Talking about hockey in India, the first hockey club came up in Calcutta in 1885-86 and soon Bombay and Punjab followed suit. Making its Olympic debut at the 1928 Amsterdam Games, Indian hockey team cruised home to its first Olympic gold, without conceding a single goal. The hallmark of this ruthless domination was the wizardry of Indian hockey legend – Dhyan Chand, who mesmerized the Amsterdam crowd with his dazzling skills. From 1928 to 1956, the Indian hockey juggernaut won six straight Olympic gold medals, while winning 24 consecutive matches.

This was the golden era of Indian hockey when India loomed large in world hockey and produced some of the finest players the game has ever seen. During this dominance, one name that clearly comes to mind is Balbir Singh. For almost three decades, Indian team had about five players with the same name. The first Balbir Singh played with the great Indian teams of 1948, 1952 and 1956. He reached the pinnacle of success at Helsinki in 1952 when he scored five goals in a 6-1 gold medal victory over the Netherlands.

However, the record created by India is likely to stand strong through ages, as no other country has ever managed to come close to it, leave about beating it. Talking about some of the legendary and outstanding players of Indian hockey, Dhyan Chand, K.D. Singh, Dhanraj Pillay and Dilip Tirkey are some names that come to mind instantly. Thanks to their exceptional gaming technique and enduring enthusiasm, the position of India in the field of hockey achieved new heights.

Types of hockey

Field hockey

The governing body is the 126-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Modern field hockey sticks are J-shaped and constructed of a composite of wood, glass fiber or carbon fiber (sometimes both) and have a curved hook at the playing end, a flat surface on the playing side and curved surface on the rear side. All sticks are right-handed – left-handed sticks are not permitted. Field hockey is the national sport of Pakistan. It was the national sport of India until the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports declared that India has no national sport in August 2012.

Ice hockey

Ice hockey is played on a large flat area of ice, using a three-inch-diameter (76.2 mm) vulcanized rubber disc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice. The game is contested between two teams of skaters. It is the most popular sport in Canada, Finland, Latvia, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

The governing body is the 72-member International Hockey Federation (FIH). Ice hockey sticks are long L-shaped sticks made of wood, graphite, or composites with a blade at the bottom that can lie flat on the playing surface when the stick is held upright and can curve either way, legally, as to help a left- or right-handed player gain an advantage.
Ice hockey is the national sport of Latvia and the national winter sport of Canada.

Roller hockey (quad)

Roller hockey, also known as quad hockey, international-style ball hockey, and Hoquei em Patins is an overarching name for a roller sport that has existed since long before inline skates were invented. This sport is played in over sixty countries and has a worldwide following. Roller hockey was a demonstration sport at the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics. Roller hockey (inline)

Roller hockey (inline)

Inline hockey is a variation of roller hockey very similar to ice hockey, from which it is derived. Inline hockey is played by two teams, consisting of four skaters and one goalie, on a dry rink divided into two halves by a center line, with one net at each end of the rink. The game is played in three 15-minute periods with a variation of the ice hockey off-side rule. Icings are also called, but are usually referred to as illegal clearing.

Sledge hockey

Sledge hockey is a form of ice hockey designed for players with physical disabilities affecting their lower bodies. Players sit on double-bladed sledges and use two sticks; each stick has a blade at one end and small picks at the other. Players use the sticks to pass, stickhandle and shoot the puck, and to propel their sledges.

Canada is a recognized international leader in the development of the sport, and of equipment for players. Much of the equipment for the sport was first developed in Canada, such as sledge hockey sticks laminated with fiberglass, as well as aluminum shafts with hand carved insert blades and special aluminum sledges with regulation skate blades.

The first game of inline sledge hockey was played at Bisley, England, on the 19th of December 2009 between the Hull Stingrays and the Grimsby Redwings. Matt Lloyd is credited with inventing inline sledge hockey, and Great Britain is seen as the international leader in the game’s development.

Street hockey

Also known as road hockey, this is a dry-land variant of ice and roller hockey played on a hard surface (usually asphalt).

Interesting Facts About Periodic Table

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Syskool
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Facts About Periodic Table

Periodic Table is a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.

Must Read: Famous Chemists

Facts About Periodic Table

  • While Dmitri Mendeleev is most often cited as the inventor of the modern periodic table, his table was just the first to gain scientific credibility and not the first table that organized the elements according to periodic
    properties.
  • There are 90 elements on the periodic table that occur in nature. All of the other elements are strictly man-made.
  • Technetium was the first element to be made artificially.
  • The International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, revises the periodic table as new data becomes available. At the time of this writing, the most recent version of the table was approved 19 February
    2010.
  • The rows of the periodic table are called periods. An element’s period number is the highest unexcited energy level for an electron of that element.
  • Columns of elements help to distinguish groups in the periodic table. Elements within a group share several common properties and often have the same outer electron arrangement.
  • Most of the elements on the table are metals. The alkali metals, alkaline earths, basic metals, transition metals, lanthanides and actinides all are groups of metals.
  • The present periodic table has room for 118 elements. Elements aren’t discovered or created in order of atomic number. Scientists are working on creating and verifying element 120, which will change the appearance of the
    table.
  • Although you might expect atoms of an element to get larger as their atomic number increases, this does not always occur because the size of an atom is determined by the diameter of its electron shell. In fact, element atoms usually decrease in size as you move from left to right across a row or period.
  • The main difference between the modern periodic table and Mendeleev’s the periodic table is that Mendeleev’s table arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight while the modern table orders the elements
    by increasing the atomic number.
  • Carbon is unique in that it is known to form up to 10 million different compounds. Carbon is important to the existence of life.
  • Francium is the rarest element on earth. There are probably no more than a few ounces of it on earth at any given time.
  • The only letter not in the periodic table is the letter J.
  • The country Argentina is named after the element silver (symbol Ag) which is Argentum in Latin.
  • Although there is helium on Earth, it was first discovered by observing the sun.
  • Mendeleyev’s table had blank spaces, he correctly predicted the weights and chemical behaviors of some missing elements—gallium, scandium, and germanium.
  • When argon was discovered in 1894, it didn’t fit into any of Mendeleyev’s columns, so he denied its existence—as he did for helium, neon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

Must Read:

Famous Chemists

Chemistry Glossary and Terms

Laws of Physics and Chemistry

Noble Gases

Diabetes – All you need to know

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Syskool
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diabetes cause cure symptoms

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease commonly known as diabetes in which our body fails to use and store glucose properly. This causes blood glucose (or blood sugar) to rise too high., this condition is known as hyperglycemia.

There are two types of this disease Type 1 is a juvenile onset and insulin dependent diabetes that affects young adults. Insulin producing cells in pancreas stops working or gets destructed to cause this type of diabetes.

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Type 2 is adult onset and non insulin dependent diabetes. In this type body produces insulin but not enough to convert all glucose into energy. Also the action of insulin shows impaired sensitivity. This type of diabetes is found in adults of more than 40 years age. Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are type 2.

Cause of diabetes may differ from person to person. Sometimes destruction of pancreatic cells in Type 1 diabetes is triggered by an autoimmune process may be the cause of any viral infection. Obesity is one of the major cause of Type 2 diabetes as the body requires the larger amount of insulin. Lifestyle changes and family history are other two major reasons.

Chances of getting diabetes are higher if you are over 40 years, overweight, African-American, Hispanic or Asian, and have close relatives with the disease. People who develop diabetes during pregnancy are more likely to have full-blown diabetes later in life.

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Great thirst, increased hunger, frequent urination, weight loss, high fatigue and wound healing difficulty are some of the main symptoms. In many cases, it is found that there were no symptoms recognized at all for months or years in case of Type 2.

Diabetes is most prevalent among Indian origin people. It is significantly reported from UK, South Africa, Singapore, Fiji, Trinidad but Indian living there are more prone to this disease than indigenous people.

Banting and Best discovered Insulin hormone in 1921. This discovery revolutionized the treatment of Type 1 diabetes by injection of insulin into the body. Type 2 diabetes is treated with the use of drugs which prompt production of more insulin in the body. Also, weight reduction, balanced diet, regular exercise helps with Type 2 diabetes.

Diabetic people, many have many serious complications if not treated well, such as bleeding in eyes from retinopathy, kidney degeneration, obstruction in large blood vessels etc. Excessive formation of ketone bodies may lead to diabetic coma or even death. Ketone bodies are acidic waste produced when protein and fats are consumed for energy.

Type 2 diabetes patients are advised to take their diet regularly on time. Because if a patient is on drug and he misses a meal his blood sugar level could come dangerously low. This condition is known as Hypoglycemia i.e. low blood glucose it can have a bad effect on the patient.

Later drugs lower blood glucose levels through Prandial Glucose Regulation, which refers to the process of regulating glucose at the time of eating. The concept became famous as ‘one meal, one dose – no meal, no dose’.

Read More: Sunlight cuts diabetes risk by 50 percent

United Nations Organisation (UNO)

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Syskool
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united nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states committed to maintain international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights; there are now 193.

The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London beginning 6 January 1946. The General Assembly selected New York City as the site for United Nations Headquarters, and the facility was completed in 1952.

Read Also: United Nations (UN) and its Principal Organs

The UN Headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New York City and enjoys extraterritoriality. The Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie, was elected as the first UN Secretary-General. The UN’s most prominent officer is the Secretary-General, an office held by South Korean Ban Ki-moon since 2007.

Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

Principal organs of the United Nations.

The UN has six Principal Organs:

  • The General Assembly – the main deliberative assembly
  • The Security Council – for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security
  • The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) – for promoting international economic and social co-operation and development
  • The Secretariat – for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN
  • The International Court of Justice – the primary judicial organ
  • The United Nations Trusteeship Council – inactive since 1994

Must Read: International Year of Pulses 2016 : United Nations

The UN has 4 main purposes:

  • To keep peace throughout the world;
  • To develop friendly relations among nations;
  • To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
  • To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

Specialized agencies

UN System agencies include:

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice.

The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law, a private centre for the study of international law.

Don’t Miss:

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

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