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North East: Hydrocarbon Vision 2030

By
Syskool
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North east hydrocarbon vision 2030

The North East region, considering its geo-strategic position, has been and is an important part of India’s growth story. The region, having certain distinct advantages, is strategically situated with proximity to the major states in the east and neighboring countries such as Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, and Myanmar.

The North-East-region is a resource-abundant region with its expanses of farmland along with a vast talent pool. This makes it a strategic element for India’s development to steer it in the 21st century.

Although the North-East is full of natural resources, it has lagged behind in taking advantage of its full potential as it faces challenges in terrain and weather conditions. In the North East States, in fact, the developmental needs are unique and merit special public and private interventions.

It is important to mention here that although the region has topped, in the context of literacy rate, amongst all the States of India, it has lagged behind when compared in the field of the national average in per capita income and thus has got lower per capita energy consumption.

No one can deny that energy and hydrocarbon resources and its development hold the magic key to unlock the potential of this region.

Thus, in order to empower the hydrocarbon sector for development of the North-East region, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, on 9 February 2016, released the Hydrocarbon vision 2030 for North-East India. In the Vision Document, the States covered are viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura. The vision document is a concentrated and consultative exercise for enhancing a common and shared aspiration for the benefit of the people of the North-East.

The Hydrocarbon Vision

The vision aims at doubling the production of Oil and Gas by the year 2030; making clean fuel affable; generating employment opportunities; making projects fast tracking, and encouraging cooperation with adjacent countries.

Also Read: Facts to know about Oil 

Purpose of  the Hydrocarbon Vision 2030

The purpose of the vision document is: to plan and prepare a roadmap for the next decades and-a-half to enhance the Oil and Gas production in the North-East-Region of India; to outline and do the required investment in hydrocarbon sector in the region to enhance exploration activities; and to expand the Piped Natural Gas (PNG) network and secure the availability of petroleum products, including Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in the remotest corners of the North-East region.

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On Saving the Mother Earth

By
Syskool
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save earth

It has been wisely said that “Earth does not belong to Man, but Man belongs to earth”. However, human beings have always tried to control and exploit Earth for their own benefits without even taking a pause to think over their deeds.

A recent report claimed that “Earth Overshoot Day” had fallen six days sooner in August 2015, than in 2015. It was especially pointed out that over the past 15 years, Earth Overshoot Day had been constantly moving forward in the calendar from October 1 in 2000 to August 13 last year, indicating that we had already spent earth’s entire ecological budget for the year 2015. Earth overshoot Day is the day when global demand for natural resources exceeds what the planet’s ecosystem can renew in a year.

Cause

The ever increasing desire of human being to enhance their standard of living as well as the expanding world population has resulted in technological innovations of all kinds. These innovations, however, made life more comfortable at the cost of increased demands for food, air, water, minerals and energy.

But these resources are limited by the Earth’s capability to renew them. Speedy depletion of natural resources has created unprecedented changes in the global climate that in turn resulted in serious implications on the survival of both-human and animal species on earth. It is important here to recall the fact that-extinction of dinosaurs happened because of their inability to adopt to the climate changes. Some scientists have openly claimed that one-fourth of earth’s species could be headed for extinction by 2050.

Must Read: New Rules on Solid Waste Management (SWSM)

What is Climate Change

Climate change has been defined as the long term change in earth’s climate on account of the natural, mechanical and anthropological processes that accrue in emission of greenhouse gasses such as CO2, methane, etc. These gasses, while setting in the stratosphere, trap the heat within the atmosphere that lead to global warming and changing climate patterns.

This climate change has resulted in frequent disasters like landslides, tsunamis, drought, famine and major health hazards not just for us but also for our future generations.

Solutions

In order to think of sustainable solutions, it must be recognized that natural resources are not unlimited so their consumption must be curtailed and planned so as to secure sustainable development. Nature friendly alternative such as solar power, wind farm, hydro electricity, geo-thermal and bio-mass need to be explored and appropriately implemented into the system for the generation of power.

Way Ahead

It is not the responsibility of any single nation but of the entire world to work for saving humanity from effects of climate change. The establishment of United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) in 1992 at Rio stamped the beginning of serious global efforts in this direction. The 21st session of the United Nations climate change conference at Paris in December 2015 witnessed the countries submitting their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). India in its INDC has proposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 33-35% by promoting clean and renewable energy.

Also Read: Accessible India Campaign for PwDs

Top 10 Steel Manufacturing Companies in India

By
Syskool
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5

Here is the list of top 10 Steel Manufacturing Companies in India:

Tata Steel

Established in the year 1907, Tata Steel limited is an Indian multi-national steel manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai. This company operates in nearly 50 countries, with an annual production capacity of 28 million tones.

Steel Authority of India (SAIL)

Established in the year 1954, it is a fully integrated iron and steel manufacturing company, producing both basic and spread steels for domestic construction, engineering, power, railway, automotive and defense industries and for sales in export markets. It has its headquarters located in New Delhi. It has an annual turnover of Rs. 50,627 Crore.

The Ferro Alloys Corporation Limited.

It was established in 1955 and has its head office in Nagpur. The company belongs to the prestigious Facor Group. It is a leading carbon, alloy, stainless and special steel manufacturing company in Central India with varied and broad product range, having the most modern state of the art steel processing unit and quality assurance technologies.

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Mahindra Ugine Steel

Founded in the year 1962 at Mumbai as a part of Mahindra Group, MUSCO are known for manufacturing of rings, especially steel and stampings. It basically caters to the sectors of railways, engineering and automobiles. The annual steel production capacity of this company is 1.8 lakh tones.

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

Established in the year 1982, RINL is India’s largest steel manufacturing company with an annual production of more than 3 lakh tones of steel. The headquarters are located in Visakhapatnam. The plant consists of three different mines, a blast furnace grade limestone at Jaggayapeta, a dolomite mine and a manganese mine at Cheepurpalli. It is wholly owned by the government of India.

JSW Steel

The company, headquartered in Mumbai, was founded in 1982. Some of the products of this company are Steel wires, Steel rods, Tubes, Constructional components etc. Apart from operating in India, the company is doing brisk business in other countries like Africa and the US. The plant has a combined capacity of more than 14 MTPA.

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Bhushan Steel

It was founded in the year 1987 with its manufacturing plant at Sahibaibad. Headquartered in Delhi, It has its factories  at UP, Odisha and Maharashtra which are equipped with modern machineries and skilled workforce. It has India’s prestigious industrial groups as their clients such as LG Electronics, Ashok Leyland, Maruti and many more. It has an annual capacity of more than 2 million tones.

Essar Steel

The company was founded in 1988 and has its head office in Mumbai. It is the chief producer of carbon steel and produces nearly 14 million tones of steel every year. It is one of the power houses in steel production worldwide with a capacity of over 14 MTPA.

Welspun Corporation Limited

Established in the year 1995 and headquartered in Mumbai, the Company is a leading producer of steel pipes in the world and owns more than 5 manufacturing units in India. Steel Coils, Steel Strips, Steel Plates are some of the products of this company.

VISA Steel

It was established in 2003 and has its head office in Kolkata. This steel company is a Flagship Company of giant VISA group. They are known for manufacturing wire rods and bars. Their two plants are located at Odisha and Chattisgarh. They are in the process of setting up one more steel plant of 1.25 MTPA at Madhya Pradesh.

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Carbon Sequestration

By
Syskool
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1
Carbon Sequestration

Carbon Sequestration is a process through, which the carbon dioxide is extracted or apprehended from atmosphere or anthropogenic sources (large stationary industrial sources) of CO2 and stocked for a long term to be utilized for later use.

Sources CO2

The sources of CO2 comprises of large sites made by human beings such as power plants, coal and gas plants, refineries, big industrial sources like that of cement production, ethanol and natural gas processing plants.

The Process of Carbon Sequestration

The process envelops mainly three steps. In the first step CO2 is captured from the sources mentioned earlier in this passage. In the second step this accumulated CO2 is compressed and transported through pipelines, trains trucks and ships. And, finally, in the third step the CO2 is stocked in deep underground rock layers in earth’s surface for long term storage.

Types of Carbon Sequestration

There are chiefly two kinds of carbon sequestration: Terristorial and Geological sequestration.

In Terristorial Sequestration plants are used to capture CO2 in their carbon content to the soil that makes the soil more fertile. Thus it can be assessed that Terristorial Sequestration essentially uses land management techniques to facilitate reservation of more carbon in plants and soil for a longer period of time naturally.

In Geological Sequestration the apprehended carbon dioxide is stored underground by injecting it into solid, porus rock formations such as sandstone, basalt, dolomite, shale, saline formations and deep coal seams. These layers lie under the impenetrable and solid, non-porus layers of rocks in order to prevent its leakage upwards. This injection is administered only after conducting proper site characterization so as to ensure its safe stocking without any leakage.

This captured and stocked CO2 through the process of Carbon Sequestration is used in various industries such as beverage industry, food manufacturing, paper and pulp industries, fabrication of metals and oil recovery.

The concept of Carbon Sequestration is gaining great importance, particularly at present, and will continue to acquire even more significance in future for it can assist in reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from cement productions and natural gas processing units to a great extent. So we cannot take the risk of overlooking this technique if we are serious in our efforts to combat the alarming phenomenon of climate change.

Famous Temple of India

By
Syskool
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1
Famous Temple of India

Venkateshwara Tirupati Balaji (Andhra Pradesh)

The temple is constructed in Dravadian architecture and  believed to be constructed over a period of time starting from 300 AD. The temple is one of the eighth Vishnu Swayambhu Kshetra and is listed as earthly Divya Desam. It is 3200 ft. above sea level and covers about 10.33 miles in area.

Vaishno Devi Temple (Jammu)

The Vaishno Mata shrine, in the Trikuta mountains, is believed to be the abode of 33 Koti (type) deities. It is reiterated that deities inside the Holy Caves are in form of natural rock formation called pindies. It is believed that the darshan of Mata is complete only if one visits the Bahiron ka Mandir, asMata had given him a boon that he would be worshipped alongside her.

Sddhivinayak Temple (Maharashtra)

Built in the year 1801, it is a prominent shrine of Lord Ganesha. The inner roof of the shrine complex is plated with gold and the wooden doors are carved with the images of Ashtavinayaka. The temple complex covers an area of 2550 sq. meter.

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Shirdi Sai Baba Temple (Maharashtra)

It is the holy shrine of  Sai Baba, who was an Indian spiritual master, regarded by his devotees as a saint.

Lord Jagannath Temple (Puri, Odisha)

The construction of the shrine was started during the reign of  King Anatavaran Choraganga Deva in 12th century and completed in the reign of his  descendent Ananga Bhima Deva. The Gods Jagannath, Balabhadra and the Goddess Subhadra are the main deities worshipped.

Somnath Temple (Gujarat)

The Somnath temple, first in the twelfth Jyotirlingas,  occupies a much esteemed place in the Hindu Holy places. The present shrine is built in the Chalukya style of architecture and reflects the skull of the Sompura Salats, one of Gujarat’s master masons. The temple’s shikhar is 15 meter in height and has 8.2 meter tall flag pole at the top. The mythica story behind this temple is that it was built by the Moon God after Lord Shiva freed him from the curse of waning. The shrine has been restored several times since then.

Kashi Vishwanath (Varanasi Temple, Uttar Pradesh)

It was established in the year 1780 by the Maratha empress, Maharani Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore. The Jyotirlinga present in this shrine is considered as the 12th of all the Jyotirlingas. The management of the shrine was taken under UP Governor on 28th January, 1983.

Also Read: The rise and fall of Mysore – Reign of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan

Kamakhya Temple (Assam)

Dedicated to Goddess Kamakhya this shrine is one of the oldest of the 51 Shakti pithas. This shrine was destroyed in early 16th century and rebuilt in 17th century during the reign of  King Nara Narayana of Cooch Bihar. It is the most important pilgrimage for the tantric Worshippers.

Mahabodhi Temple (Bihar)

This is the holy place where Lord Buddha attained enlightment. It is the most sacred site in Buddhism and visited regularly by both Buddhists and the Hindus. The central tower of Mahabodhi stands 180 ft. tall. The brickwork on the oustside of the shrine depicts scenes from the life of Buddha.

Ramanathasamy Temple (Rameshwar)

It is the abode of Lord Shiva and is among the twelfth Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. There are three lingas inside the sanctum; one built by Goddess Sita and the other was built by Lord Hanuman. The shrine was expanded during the 12th century by Pandya Dynasty.

Read Also: Indian Renaissance – The Socio-Cultural Awakening

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