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EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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Excretory system concern with the elimination of harmful and waste products formed in the body. The main excretory organs are lungs, kidneys, skin, and large intestine. Lungs give off carbon dioxide and water vapor, thus, it is an organ of respiration as well as excretion. Skin secretes sweat. Large intestine  excretes waste matter of digestion, as feces while kidneys excrete urine.
Functions of the  kidney. The main function of the kidney is to take away the nitrogenous waste products of the body. kidneys also re-absorb certain useful constituents such as glucose, water, and salts.
Functions of skin. Skin protects the body , regulates the temperature of the body, excretes the waste products ,gives the sense of touch and stores reserve food.

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Seven New Wonders of World

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New Wonders of World
The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China, a memorable landmark and one of the Wonders of World, is the most popular tourist attraction in China. There were three main Chinese dynasties that contributed to the construction of the Great Wall: first, the Qin from 221-207 B.C., then the Han from 206 B.C – 220 A.D and the Ming from 1368-1644 A.D. Their common purpose was to stop the “barbaric” Huns in the North from invading the Chinese borders. The Great Wall length measures about 6,700 km long. Height wise, it is 4.5m to 9m. The existing Wall today was constructed by the Ming Dynasty over 600 years ago. During that time, the original wall was in ruins.
Petra
Petra is a site in the Arabian desert, Jordan that was discovered by a Swiss explorer called Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812 Petra represents the ancient world’s heritage culture and one of the Wonders of World. It is now said to be one of the seventh wonders of the world and it belongs to the UNESCO world heritage site. Petra mainly is admired because of its picture perfect architecture, its complex structure, quality and the non-mentionable mere size.
Taj Mahal in Agra
The Taj Mahal is a tomb situated in Agra, India. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is one of The Seven Wonders of the World and is said to be one of the finest art of the Mughal architecture. The Taj became a part of the UNESCO, World heritage Site  and one of the Wonders of World.
Chichen Itza in Yucatan Peninsula
Chichen was founded by the Mayan civilization in 400 AD and it is located in the north central, north of Yucatan Peninsula now called Mexico. Chichen has a history that is 1500 years old.
Colosseum of Rome
Colosseum is one of the greatest architecture ever built in the history of Rome. The Colosseum was originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre and is the largest amphitheater to have ever been built in the Roman Empire. Its construction began sometime between 70 and 72 AD and was completed in 80 AD when Titus was the ruling emperor.
Corcovado Mountain
Christ the Redeemer is a statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The statue is 120 ft tall and has a weight of 635 tonnes. It is now a part of the new Seven Wonders of the World. It is located in the Corcovado Mountain which is at a peak of 700 meters i.e. 2,300 feet in the Tijuca forest National Park overlooking the city.
Machu Picchu in Peru
Machu Picchu is the pre-Columbian, Inca empire site that is located almost 8,000 feet above the sea level. The site is located on a mountain ridge above the valley of Urubamba in Peru. The city is also called the “lost city of
Incas”. Machu Picchu was built in 146 AD.
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National Flowers

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Country – Flower

Zimbabwe – Zimba

Canada – Maple

France  -Lily

Germany-Cornflower

India-Lotus

Ireland-Shamrock

Japan-Chrysanthemum

Scotland-Thistle

Spain-Pomegranate

United Kingdom-Rose

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WORLD (General Knowledge Study Material )

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Most Populous Country

The largest population of any country is that of China, which has a massive share of the world’s population- about 25 percent. The rate of natural increase in population in the People’s Republic of China is now estimated to be 37,000 a day or 13.5 million per year. In mid-2000, the population of China was estimated to be 1.26 billion.

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Least populous country -Vatican City

Largest country

First in World

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List of First in World with achiever in different categories and sections like nobel prize, sports, education etc.

First in World

  • The first persons to reach Mount Everest – Sherpa Tenzing, Edmund Hillary
  • The first person to reach the North Pole – Robert Peary
  • The first person to reach the South Pole – Amundsen
  • The first religion of the world – Hinduism
  • The first country to print book – China
  • The first country to issue paper currency – China
  • The first country to commence competitive examination in civil services – China
  • The first President of the U.S.A – George Washington
  • The first Prime Minister of Britain – Robert Walpole
  • The first Governor General of the United Nations – Trigveli (Norway)
  • The first country to prepare a constitution – U.S.A
  • The first Governor General of Pakistan – Mohd. Ali Jinnah
  • The first country to host NAM summit – Belgrade (Yugoslavia)
  • The first European to attack India – Alexander, The Great
  • The first European to reach China – Marco Polo
  • The first person to fly aeroplane – Wright Brothers
  • The first person to sail around the world – Magellan
  • The first country to send man to the moon – U.S.A
  • The first country to launch Artificial satellite in the space – Russia
  • The first country to host the modern Olympics – Greece
  • First human in space – Yuri Gagarin (Russia)
  • The first city on which the atom bomb was dropped – Hiroshima (Japan)
  • The first person to land on the moon Neil Armstrong followed by – Edwin E. Aldrin
  • The first shuttle to go in space – Columbia
  • The first spacecraft to reach on Mars – Viking-I
  • The first woman Prime Minister of England – Margaret Thatcher
  • The first Muslim Prime Minister of a country – Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan)
  • The first woman to climb Mount Everest – Mrs. Junko Tabei (Japan)
  • The first woman cosmonaut of the world – Valentina Tereshkova (Russia)
  • The first woman President of the U.N. General Assembly – Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
  • The first batsman to score three test century in three successive tests on debut – Mohd. Azharuddin
  • The first man to have climbed Mount Everest twice – Nawang Gombu
  • The first U.S. President to resign Presidency – Richard Nixon
  • Chinese Traveller to India – Fahein
  • Foreign Invader to India – Alexander the Great
  • Person in Space – Yuri Gagarin
  • Person on Moon – Neil Armstrong
  • The first woman to climb Mount Everest – Junko Taibei
  • The first European to visit China – Marco Polo
  • Man to walk in Space – Alexei Leonov
  • The first woman Prime Minister of a country – Mrs. Srimavo Bhandarnaike
  • The first woman President of a country – Maria Estela Peron
  • The first woman to Command a Space Mission Colonel – Eileen Collins (U.S.A.)
  • First talkie movie in the world – “The jazz Singer” (1927).
  • The first residents of International Space station – Bill Shepherd (USA), Yuri Gidzanko and Sergei Krikalev (Russia)
  • The first blind man to scale Mt. Everest – Erik Weihenmayer (USA, May 25, 2001)
  • The first Muslim woman to become the Secretary General of Amnesty International – lrine Zubeida Khan
  • The first space astronaut to go into space seven times till date – Jerry Ross (U.S.A.)
  • The first South African to become the second space tourist – Mark Shuttleworth
  • The first woman Prime Minister of South Korea – Ms. Chang Sang
  • The first youngest grandmaster of the world in chess – Sergey Karjakin (Ukraine)
  • The first adventurer flying successfully across the English Channel without aircraft – Felix Baumgartner (July 2003)
  • China’s first man in space – Yang Liwei
  • The first Muslim woman to receive Nobel Prize – Shirin Ebadi (Nobel Peace Prize 2003)
  • The woman with the highest individual Test score making a new world record – Kiran Baloch (Pakistani cricketer, scoring 242 runs playing women’s cricket test against West Indies in Karachi in March 2004)
  • The first woman of the world to climb Mt. Everest four times – Lakpa Sherpa (Nepali)
  • The first woman to cross seven important seas of the world by swimming – Bula Chaudhury (India)
  • First Asian city to host Olympics – Tokyo, Japan (1964)
  • First woman black tennis player to win a singles title at Wimbledon – A Gibson (1957)
  • First woman to win a Grand Slam – Maureen Catherine (1953)
  • First woman to win an Olympic Gold Medal – Charlotte Cooper, UK, Tennis singles (1900)
  • First professional woman bullfighter – Patricia Mccormick (1952)
  • First man to fly solo non-stop across the Atlantic – Charles Lindbergh (1927)
  • First person to cross Antarctic Circle  – James Cook (1773)
  • First people to reach the North Pole – Lt Col. Joseph O. Fletcher and  Lt. William P. Benedict (1952)
  • First person to conquer the Everest twice – Nawang Gombu Sherpa(1965)
  • First person with only one arm to climb the Everest – American Gary Guller(2003)
  • First woman to fly solo around the world – Jerrie Fredritz Mock.(1964)
  • First woman to fly solo across the English Channel – Harriet Quimby
  • First ascent of Everest without bottled oxygen  – Peter Habeler (Austria) and Reinhold Messner, (Italy)(1978)
  • First woman to set foot on the North Pole – Ann Bancroft, USA (1986) Jointly developed by Sony and Philips (1978)
  • First Atom Bomb – “Little Boy” dropped over Hiroshima by the US during the second world war (1945)
  • First manned space vehicle – Vostok 1,USSR (1961)
  • First human to walk on the Moon  – Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11(1969)
  • First human to walk in space – Alexei Arkhovich Leonov (1965)

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List of FIRST Countries in World