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• Patent Office, Govt of India – www.ipindia.nic.in
• Institute of Intellectual Property Studies, Mumbai – www.iips.ac.in
• National Law School of India University, Nagarbhavi – www.nls.ac.in
• Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (Deemed University) – www.iiita.ac.in
Self Entrepreneurship
• Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi – www.cmfri.com
• Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai – www.tiss.edu
• Ministry of Labour & Employment (Directorate General of Employment & Training) ADVANCED TRAINING INSTITUTE – http://dget.nic.in/atikanpur
Nervous system controls and regulates the activities of all the other systems of body. It coordinates the reception of external stimuli and responds to them by sensory nerves and motor nerves. The whole system is divided into three parts: (1) the central nervous system, (2) the peripheral nervous system, and (3) the autonomic nervous system.
Central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord safely lodged in the brain case and vertebral column. The brain controls voluntary actions, intelligence, memory, association, imagination and will. Cerebellum regulates the muscular movement of the body coordinating them. Medulla- oblongata controls involuntary actions of breathing and heartbeat. The spinal cord is an elongated cylindrical continuation of medulla and regulates various reflex actions. Peripheral nervous system consists of nerves which arise from the brain and the spinal cord. Autonomic system controls the internal activities of visceral organs, i.e., we have no voluntary control.
HUMAN DIET
Diet denotes the group of all edible substances essential for growth and maintenance of the body. The important components of diet are proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, salts and water. Dietary needs vary from person to person and age to age. The diseases which are caused by deficient diet are known as deficiency diseases.
Balanced diet or mixed diet provides all the essential constituents necessary for growth and maintenance of the body. It must contain all the essential constituents in adequate amount. The ratio between proteins, fats and carbohydrates should be 1:1:4. The food should be easily digestible and given according to age. Cooking of food is essential because it sterilises foodstuffs, makes them palatable and easily digestible.
NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY AND NAVAL ACADEMY EXAMINATION Syllabus
Paper I MATHEMATICS
1. Algebra
Concept of a set, operations on sets, Venn diagrams. De Morgan laws. Cartesian product, relation, equivalence relation.
Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers – basic properties, modulus, argument, cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers. Conversion of a number in decimal system to binary system and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Quadratic equations with real coefficients. Solution of linear inequations of two variables by graphs. Permutation and Combination. Binomial theorem and its application. Logarithms and their applications.
2.Matrices and Determinants
Types of matrices, operations on matrices Determinant of a matrix, basic properties of determinant. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix, Applications – Solution of a system of linear equations in two or three unknowns by Cramers rule and by Matrix Method.
3.Trigonometry
Angles and their measures in degrees and in radians. Trigonometrical ratios. Trigonometric identities Sum and difference formulae. Multiple and Sub-multiple angles. Inverse trigonometric functions. Applications – Height and distance, properties of triangles.
4.Analytical Geometry of two and three dimensions
Rectangular Cartesian Coordinate system. Distance formula. Equation of a line in various forms. Angle between two lines. Distance of a point from a line. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form. Standard forms of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Eccentricity and axis of a conic.
Point in a three dimensional space, distance between two points. Direction Cosines and direction ratios. Equation of a plane and a line in various forms. Angle between two lines and angle between two planes. Equation of a sphere.
5.Differential Calculus
Concept of a real valued function – domain, range and graph of a function. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits – examples. Continuity of functions – examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpreatation of a derivative – applications. Derivatives of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect of another function, derivative of a composite function. Second order derivatives. Increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima and minima.
6.Integral Calculus and Differential equations
Integration as inverse of differentiation, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expressions, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals – determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves – applications.
Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equations of various types – examples. Application in problems of growth and decay.
7. Vector Algebra
Vectors in two and three dimensions, magnitude and direction of a vector. Unit and null vectors, addition of vectors, scalar multiplication of vector, scalar product or dot product of two-vectors. Vector product and cross product of two vectors. Applications-work done by a force and moment of a force, and in geometrical problems.
8.Statistics and Probability
Statistics Classification of data, Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution – examples Graphical representation – Histogram, Pie Chart, Frequency Polygon – examples. Measures of Central tendency – mean, median and mode. Variance and standard deviation – determination and comparison. Correlation and regression.
Probability Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability – classical and statistical – examples. Elementary theorems on probability – simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes theorem – simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binominal distribution.
Paper II GENERAL ABILITY TEST
Part A – ENGLISH
The question paper in English will be designed to test the candidates understanding of English and workman like use of words. The syllabus covers various aspects like Grammar and usage, vocabulary, comprehension and cohesion in extended text to test the candidates proficiency in English.
Part B – GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
The question paper on General Knowledge will broadly cover the subjects Physics, Chemistry, General Science, Social Studies, Geography and Current Events.
The syllabus given below is designed to indicate the scope of these subjects included in this paper. The topics mentioned are not to be regarded as exhaustive and questions on topics of similar nature not specifically mentioned in the syllabus may also be asked. Candidates answers are expected to show their knowledge and intelligent understanding of the subject.
Section A (Physics)
Physical Properties and States of Matter, Mass, Weight, Volume, Density and Specific Gravity, Principle of Archimedes, Pressure Barometer.
Motion of objects, Velocity and Acceleration, Newtons Laws of Motion, Force and Momentum, Parallelogram of Forces, Stability and Equilibrium of bodies, Gravitation, elementary ideas of work, Power and Energy.
Effects of Heat, Measurement of temperature and heat, change of State and Latent Heat, Modes of transference of Heat.
Sound waves and their properties, Simple musical instruments.
Rectilinear propagation of Light, Reflection and refraction. Spherical mirrors and Lenses. Human Eye.
Natural and Artificial Magnets, Properties of a Magnet, Earth as a Magnet.
Static and Current Electricity, conductors and Non-conductors, Ohms Law, Simple Electrical Circuits, Heating, Lighting and Magnetic effects of Current, Measurement of Electrical Power, Primary and Secondary Cells, Use of X-Rays.
General Principles in the working of the following
Simple Pendulum, Simple Pulleys, Siphon, Levers, Balloon, Pumps, Hydrometer, Pressure Cooker, Thermos Flask, Gramophone, Telegraphs, Telephone, Periscope, Telescope, Microscope, Mariners Compass; Lightening Conductors, Safety Fuses.
Section B (Chemistry)
Physical and Chemical changes. Elements, Mixtures and Compounds, Symbols, Formulae and simple Chemical Equations, Law of Chemical Combination (excluding problems). Properties of Air and Water.
Preparation and Properties of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Carbondioxide, Oxidation and Reduction.
Acids, bases and salts.
Carbon – different forms.
Fertilizers – Natural and Artificial
Material used in the preparation of substances like soap, Glass, Ink, Paper, Cement, Paints, Safety Matches, and Gun-Powder.
Elementary ideas about the Structure of Atom, Atomic, Equivalent and Molecular Weights, Valency.
Section C (General Science)
Difference between the living and non- living.
Basis of Life – Cells, Protoplasms and Tissues.
Growth and Reproduction in Plants and Animals.
Elementary knowledge of human Body and its important organs.
Common Epidemics, their causes and prevention.
Food – Source of Energy for man. Constituents of food, Balanced Diet.
The Solar System – Meteors and Comets, Eclipses.
Achievements of Eminent Scientists.
Section D (History, Freedom Movement etc.)
A broad survey of Indian History, with emphasis on Culture and Civilisation.
Freedom Movement in India.
Elementary study of Indian Constitution and Administration.
Elementary knowledge of Five Year Plans of India.
Panchayati Raj, Co-operatives and Community Development.
Bhoodan, Sarvodaya, National Integration and Welfare State, Basic Teachings of Mahatma Gandhi.
Forces shaping the modern world; Renaissance, Exploration and Discovery; War of American Independence. French Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Russian Revolution. Impact of Science and Technology on Society. Concept of one World, United Nations, Panchsheel, Democracy. Socialism and Communism. Role of India in the present world.
Section E (Geography)
The Earth, its shape and size. Lattitudes and Longitudes, Concept of time. International Date Line. Movements of Earth and their effects.
Origin of Earth. Rocks and their classification; Weathering – Mechanical and Chemical, Earthquakes and volcanoes.
Ocean Currents and Tides
Atmosphere and its composition; Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure, Planetary Winds, cyclones and Anti-cyclones; Humidity; Condensation and Precipitation; Types of Climate. Major Natural regions of the World.
Regional Geography of India – Climate, Natural vegetation. Mineral and Power resources; location and distribution of agricultural and industrial activities.
ImportantSea ports and main sea, land and air routes of India. Main items of Imports and Exports of India.
Section F (Current Events)
Knowledge of Important events that have happened in India in the recent years.
Current important world events.
Prominent personalities – both Indian and International including those connected with cultural activities and sports.
Kindly Note
Out of maximum marks assigned to part B of this paper, questions on Sections A, B, C, D, E and F will carry approximately 25%, 15%, 10%, 20%, 20% and 10% weightages respectively.
Intelligence and personality test
In addition to the interview the candidates will be put to Intelligence Tests both verbal and non-verbal, designed to assess their basic intelligence. They will also be put to Group Tests such as group discussions, group planning, outdoor group tasks, and asked to give brief lectures on specified subjects. All these tests are intended to judge the mental caliber of a candidate. In broad terms, this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities but also his social traits and interests in current affairs.
Breathing involves intake of oxygen (inspiration) from atmospheric air and expulsion of carbon dioxide (expiration). The respiratory system is composed of nostrils, wind pipe or trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. The lungs are enclosed in a compartment formed by the ribs, the breast bone and backbone and perform the function of respiration.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine is the system of ductless glands linked by nervous and circulatory systems. They secrete hormones. The hormones control growth and other essential activities in the life process of the body.
Pituitary is a small gland situated beneath the brain. It secretes the important pituitrin hormone. Its oversecretion in childhood produces “giants” and in adult life “acromegaly” where growth of the parts of the body is disproportionately increased that gives a gorilla-like appearance.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Excretory system eliminates harmful waste products formed in the body. The main excretory organs are lungs, kidneys, skin and large intestine. Lungs throw out carbon dioxide and water vapour. Large intestine excretes waste matter of digestion as faeces and kidneys excrete urine. Skin excretes sweat. Kidneys take away the nitrogenous end products of the metabolism, chiefly urea. The blood entering kidneys brings urea, uric acid, large quantities of water, sugar and various salts which, by filtration, are eliminated with urine. Kidneys also absorb certain useful constituents such as glucose, water and salts. Skin protects the body, regulates the temperature of the body, excretes waste matter, gives the sense of touch and stores reserve food.
