Today in History – 4 January

46 BC, January 4

Julius Caesar defeats Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina

1642, January 4

King Charles I with 400 soldiers attacks the English parliament

1847, January 4

Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the United States government

1865, January 4

The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street in New York City.

1881, January 4

Publication of newspaper ‘Kesri’ started.

1906, January 4

Prince of Wales laid the foundation stone of Victoria Memorial Hall at Calcutta.

1923, January 4

Lenin’s “Political Testament” calls for removal of Stalin

1932, January 4

British Viceroy of India Lord Willingdon arrests Gandhi & Nehru. Mahatma Gandhi and other members of his All-India National Congress are back in jail again. After the collapse of the London conference, British authorities cracked down even harder on Gandhi and his followers, and the Mahatma urged Indians to increase their acts of civil disobedience. “Wake up from sleep,” Gandhi said as he ordered a boycott of British goods. “Discard foreign cloth. Discard narcotics. Discard violence. Defy all orders calculated to crush the national spirit.” The government declared Gandhi’s Congress an illegal organization. Under new laws, even peaceful picketing is illegal. The Congress party responded to the crackdown by recruiting more followers and striking more plants.

1948, January 4

Burma achieved its independence from Great Britain. In 1989, Burma changed its name to Myanmar to reflect the multi-ethnic composition of the country. Apart from the Burmese, the main ethnic minority groups are the Karen, Shan, Mon, Chin, and Kachin. Just as the Burmese did against the British, almost all of these ethnic groups have struggled against the Burmese government for self-determination.

1964, January 4

The First Diesel Engine came out of the Varanasi Diesel Engine Carshed.

1966, January 4

Indo-Pak Summit, the peace talk between Pakistan and Indian leaders, started at Tashkent. The prominent personalities were Lal Bahadur Shastri and Gen. Ayub Khan.

1967, January 4

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. began delivery of the MIG aircraft.

1994, January 4

Rahul Dev Burman, famous music director better known as ‘Pancham Da’, died at the age of 56.

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