Home Blog Page 417

Top 10 Major Lakes of the World

2
major lakes of the world

Here is a list of the major lakes of the world, which includes important features and attributes of these lakes viz. its span/size, nature of water (fresh/brackish), countries connected, important bridges over them, depth, economic and commercial importance etc.

Major Lakes of the World

Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan-Russia-Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran

First among major lakes of the world is the Caspian Sea. It is the world’s largest enclosed inland water body, with a total surface area of 371,000 sq. km, holding 78,200 cubic km of water by volume. The deepest part of the lake is 1,025 km and the lake has a length of 1,199 km at its longest span, with an average depth of 211 m. The Caspian Sea is popular for its richness in energy wealth, with the discovery of oil fields and large natural gas supplies in the area.

Lake Superior, U.S. – Canada

It is the largest freshwater lake with a surface area of 82,170 sq. km. The lake is about 563 km long, 257 km wide, and approximately 400 m deep. It is the home for about 58 orchid species. It is most important among major lakes of the world.

Don’t Miss: Top 10 Shipping Companies of India

Lake Victoria, Tanzania-Uganda

As the tropical lake in the world and the second largest freshwater lake, the Lake Victoria holds the record of being Africa’s largest one. With a surface area of 68,800 sq. km, this is undeniably large but relatively shallow, with a maximum depth of 84 m and an average depth of 20 m. , which puts it at third rank among the major lakes of the world.

Lake Huron, U.S.-Canada

It is the world’s fourth largest lake with a surface area of 59,596 sq. km. The lake is 331 km long and 295 km wide. The deepest part of the lake is 229 m and its average depth is 5.9 m. Several economic activities are done in this lake such as lumbering and fishing. There’s also the commercial traffic in iron ore, grain, and limestone which are exported to other locations around Ontario and Michigan.

Lake Michigan, U.S.

It is the world’s fifth largest lake covering a total surface area of 58,000 sq. km. It is 494 km long and 190 km wide and has more than 2,575 km of shoreline. With an average depth of 85 m, the lake can even reach down to 282 m at its deepest point. Lake Michigan was created by glacial movements, and is connected to the ocean by means of man-made waterways and canals such as the Saint Lawrence and Great Lake channels.

Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania-Congo

It is the world’s sixth largest lake covering a surface area of 32,893 sq. km and an average depth of 570 m, with the deepest being 1470 m below surface level. It was formed due to tectonic movements, and has a distance of 677 km at its longest, and a width of around of 50 km at its widest. 350 species of fish can be found here.

Read Also: Rivers World

Lake Baikal, Russia

It is the world’s largest ice-free fresh water lake and contains around 20% of world’s total fresh water. It is the world’s seventh largest lake that covers a surface area of 31,500 sq. km. The average depth of the lake is 744.4 m, with its deepest point being 1642 m. It is also known as “Galapagos of Russia” for its isolation and age made it possess the most unusual freshwater faunas.

Great Bear Lake, Canada

It is 320 km long, up to 175 km wide and 413 m deep. It is the eighth largest lake in the world covering a surface area of 31,080 sq. km. The lake has 26 islands within it that covers a combined area of 759.3 sq. km. One major discovery found in the lake is the ore containing radium and uranium called pitchblende.

Read Also: Rivers in India

Lake Malawi, Malawi-Mozambique-Tanzania

It has a total surface area of 30,044 sq. km, the length of 579 km, and depth of 706 m. The primary inflow for Lake Malawi is the Ruhuhu River and the primary outflow is the Shire River at its southern end. It is famous for being the lake that hosts the highest number of species of fish in the world, including almost 1,000 cichlid species.

Great Slave Lake, Canada

It is 480 km long, ranges 19 to 109 km wide and 614 m deep. It has a surface area of 27,200 sq. km. The Hay River is its primary inflow while the main outflow is the Mackenzie River. The area is important for gold mining. The lake has commercial fisheries.

Related Posts:

Major Lakes in India

Major Ports in India

Cell Division and Cycle

0
cell division and cycle

Living organisms are constantly making new cells. They make new cells in order to grow and also to replace old dead cells. The process by which new cells are made is called cell division. Cell division is occurring all the time. Around two trillion cell divisions occur in the average human body every day!

Types of Cell Division

There are three main types of cell division: binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. Binary fission is used by simple organisms like bacteria. More complex organisms gain new cells by either mitosis or meiosis.

Must Read: Chloroplasts – Unique Structures Found in Plant Cells

Mitosis

Mitosis is used when a cell needs to be replicated into exact copies of itself. Everything in the cell is duplicated. The two new cells have the same DNA, functions, and genetic code. The original cell is called the mother cell and the two new cells are called daughter cells.

Examples of cells that are produced through mitosis include cells in the human body for the skin, blood, and muscles.

Cell Cycle for Mitosis

Cells go through different phases called the cell cycle. The “normal” state of a cell is called the “interphase”. The genetic material is duplicated during the interphase stage of the cell. When a cell gets the signal that it is to duplicate, it will enter the first state of mitosis called the “prophase”.

  • Prophase – During this phase the chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down.
  • Metaphase – During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell.
  • Anaphase – During anaphase, the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
  • Telephase – During telophase, the cell forms two nuclear membranes around each set of chromosomes and the chromosomes uncoil. The cell walls then pinch off and split down the middle. The two new cells, or daughter cells, are formed. The splitting of the cells is called cytokinesis or cell cleavage.

Also Read: The Skeletal System: Guards of the Body

Meiosis

Meiosis is used when it is time for the entire organism to reproduce. There are two main differences between mitosis and meiosis. First, the meiosis process has two divisions. When meiosis is complete, a single cell produces four new cells instead of just two. The second difference is that the new cells only have half the DNA of the original cell. This is important for life on Earth as it allows for new genetic combinations to occur which produces variety in life.

Examples of cells that undergo meiosis include cells used in sexual reproduction called gametes.

Diploids and Haploids

The cells produced from mitosis are called diploids because they have two complete sets of chromosomes.

The cells produced from meiosis are called haploids because they only have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Binary Fission

Simple organisms such as bacteria undergo a type of cell division called binary fission. First, the DNA replicates and the cell grows to twice its normal size. Then the duplicate strands of DNA move to opposite sides of the cell. Next, the cell wall “pinches” off in the middle forming two separate cells.

Must Read:

Plant – Living Organism

The Circulatory System: Carrier of Life

Amazing Body of Facts

How to Study for Civils by Tukaram Mundhe IAS

3
tukaram mundhe ias
How to Study for Civils by Sh. Tukaram Mundhe, IAS


Welcome to the world of competitive examination! You will see all the drama from failure to success, moment of and annuity, disappointment, ecstasy and much more. If you have to be one amongst successful candidate, be ready to face all these challenges.

After all successful candidates are common human beings like all of us, but with a difference. The difference being the adoption of the right strategy and correct approach for the preparation of civil services.

What are the right strategy and correct approach for the preparation of civil services?

Is It differs from the general approach followed by a majority of the aspirants? Is it really difficult to adopt such approach? All these and many more questions will naturally crop up in your mind.

It is an ideal situation to begin the preparation of civil services at the graduation level. But most of the time, it is not the case. Therefore, the best alternative is to begin the preparation of civil services immediately after the completion of graduation.
The preparation of civil services must begin one year in advance i.e.. If one contemplates writing civil service examination in 2019, preparation must begin in June 2018, “ Well begin in half done”, strategy must be followed. One must not follow the general approach of first ready general books, preparation for the preliminary examination, then for mains followed by interview. This is not an appropriate approach to follow, because this approach is disintegrated whereas the preparation of civil services must be done in an integrated manner. The objective of the preparation is to quality for IAS / IFS/ IPS and nothing else one must prepare by keeping this objective as goal. Therefore, aim should not be of qualifying preliminary or mains or getting selected, but to achieve rank which will make youIAS / IFS/ IPS and nothing else.

You must begin with the study of syllabi for both preliminary and main examination, which rarely happens, Generally, the reading of syllabi takes places and not the study of it. This is the first major mistake committed by aspirants.
The study of syllabi is an integral part of the preparation of civil service, which may be neglected at the cost of dire consequences of not getting selected.

The next step is crucial, which will determine your success or failure to a greater degree. Immediately after studying syllabi, aspirants startcollecting the list books to be referred and start reading those books. Aspirants read the number of books and are happy for doing so after reading books on many occasions, aspirant feels that he is prepared for writing the examination, which is actually an illusion.

After studying syllabi, the next logical step is to study (not read) question papers. One may take time of about twenty days for studying question papers. This is very essential because one gets an idea about the nature and types of questions asked on different topics. One can also realize, how the question is framed on different topics how to go about the preparation of civil services. This is actually the beginning of the preparation of civil services, which is either neglected or skipped by the majority of aspirants.

After studying the question papers, one must go for basic reading. The basic reading means the reading of essential books like NCERT, subject wise books. Majority of the aspirants will think only this as the preparation, which is the wrong impression. The is just another step towards preparation.

After reading the basic books, an aspirant must study the question papers topic and subtopic wise, the listing of question on topic and subtopic wise, Furthermore, one must frame the possible questions which can be asked topic/subtopic wise. this will make you understand the scope of the topic. This helps in preparation of answers for those questions, not leaving any area of the topic/subtopic.

Once this analysis is done, next step is to write the answers of those questions writing of complete answer is the key to success.

Therefore, while preparing for the examination, writing of answers is most important and most crucial task writing answer of each and every question, topic/subtopic wise, is itself preparation of notes.

What do I mean by complete answers? It means writing a well-structured answer which well encompasses all the components, which are asked for in the questions. The general tendency is to write complete information and consider it as a complete answer, which is wrong in itself. It is a partial or incomplete answer.

Writing of complete information is just one part of the answer among many parts. Naturally one gets the marks which are allocated to information part. Therefore writing of complete answers is crucial for obtaining complete marks.

For writing complete answers one must know what are the parts of answers parts of answers range from the minimum of three to maximum of seven, The simple straightforward question will have three parts and the most critical question will have seven parts of the answer. If one writes all the parts, one obtains very good marks. Therefore, strategy must be to write best answer for best marks. The best answer means the complete answer.

Once answers are written, on every topic and subtopic, revising those is essential after the preliminary examination.

Hence preparation must begin in June with the main examination. Till December, One optional ( preferably second optional ) and General Studies must be complete from mains point of view.
The preparation of preliminary examination must begin in second half of December. This preparation must also be on the same lines of main studying of question papers must be followed by basic reading. This must follow by analysis of question papers on topic wise.

The nature, type, and number of question asked on every topic must be analyzed. Your preparation must progress along these lines. So solving past question papers is an essential aspect of the preparation of the preliminary examination.

Once the preliminary examination is over. The preparation of the main examination, must being in right earnest. the preparation must begin with the optional. One must not neglect General studies. General Studies and both the optional must be ready by the time of declaration of preliminary result. After results, the revision must be done vigorously.

The strategy in the examination is to keep cool, avoiding both anxiety or distress write a minimum number of answers required. these answers must be best, which will fetch best marks. After the main examination, preparation for an interview must begin within one month. By the time results of main examination are declared, one must be ready to face interview.

If preparation is rigorous and on scientific lines, as enplaned, nothing in this world will prevent you from achieving your goal of becoming IAS / IFS/IPS

Samudra Manthan

0

 

Samudra Manthan (C. Raja Mohan) : Invoking a tale from Hindu mythology Samudra Manthan or to churn the ocean C. Raja Mohan, head of the strategic studies programme at Observer Research Foundation in New Delhi, tells the story of a Sino-Indian rivalry spilling over from the Great Himalayas into the Indian and Pacific Oceans. He examines the prospects of mitigating the tensions and constructing a stable Indo-Pacific order.
America, the dominant power in the area, is being drawn into the unfolding Sino-Indian competition. Despite the huge differences in the current naval capabilities of China, India, and the United States, C. Raja Mohan argues that the three countries are locked in triangular struggle destined to mould the future Indo-Pacific. The book offers deep insights into the emerging Indo-Pacific theatre as the rising maritime profiles of India and China begin to intersect. C. Raja Mohan’s perceptive analysis of the US role in shaping Sino-Indian rivalry is a valuable contribution to the debate on changing great power relations in Asia and its waters.

Also, Read:

World’s 10 Greatest – Ocean or Seas, Deserts, and Mountains

6
world's 10 greatest

The world’s 10 greatest Oceans and Seas

Pacific Ocean                     16,62,40,000 sq kms

Atlantic Ocean                   8,65,60,000 sq kms

Indian Ocean                     7,34,30,000 sq kms

Arctic Ocean                       1,32,30,000 sq kms

South China Sea               29,74,000 sq kms

Caribbean Sea                   27,23,000 sq kms

Mediterranean Sea         25,03,000 sq kms

Bearing Sea                        22,68,000 sq kms

Gulf of Mexico                  15,43,000 sq kms

Sea of Okhotsk                 15,27,000 sq kms

Also Read: All about earth – explained in 7 minutes

The world’s 10 greatest Deserts

Sahara Desert                    84,00,000 sq kms

Australian Desert             15,50,000 sq kms

Arabian Desert                  13,00,000 sq kms

Gobi Desert                        10,40,000 sq kms

Kalahari Desert                 5,20,000 sq kms

TaklaMakan Desert         3,20,000 sq kms

Sonoran Desert                                3,10,000sqkms

Namib Dessert                  3,10,000 sq kms

Kara Kum Dessert            2,70,000 sq kms

Thar Dessert                      2,60,000 sq kms

Also Read: Physical features of India – physiographic units

The world’s 10 Highest mountain peak

Mount Everest                  8,848 meters

K2                                           8,611 meters

Kanchenjunga                   8,597 meters

Lhotse                                  8,511 meters

Makalu                                 8,481 meters

Dhaulagiri                            8,172 meters

Manaslu                               8,156 meters

Cho Oyu                               8,183 meters

Nanga Parbat                     8,126 meters

Annapurna                         8,078 meters

Also Read: 32 Facts about Mountains

All these peaks are located in Himalayan Mountain Range.