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What is the avian influenza virus?

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This is a virus that has been circulating among birds and typically does not infect human beings. There are, however, three main sub-types of this virus that are known to infect both birds and humans. These are avian influenza A H5, H7 and H9. Nine potential sub-types are known for each of these three, i.e. 27 in all.
Of these 27 known sub-types, so far only five have infected humans. Among them, avian influenza A (H5N1) is the most well known. It is circulating among poultry in as many as 15 countries. In the past, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 and H9N2 have also infected human beings, causing effects ranging from mild illness to death.

Why do all planets have a spherical shape?

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Why do all planets have a spherical shape?

The recognized planets of the solar system are large bodies with a significant mass. All particles of a massive body experience a significant net attraction towards its center. Such a body is, therefore, forced to acquire a spherical shape. If the mass of the body is low, as for example that of a large number that inhabits the asteroidal belt between the Earth and the Mars, these bodies do not have to be spherical. The argument is given above also explains why the Earth cannot support mountains much higher than the Himalayas.

Why does the night sky appear dark ?

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Sky is nothing but the light scattered by the atmosphere. At night there is no light passing through the atmosphere. Flence, there is nothing to scatter. Therefore, there is no light coming from the atmosphere or anything else. That is the reason everything appears dark at night. That is why the night sky is dark.

What are the main considerations behind setting up trading blocs?

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According to experts, to form a successful trading bloc, the members should have some elements of similarity. For instance, the chances of a bloc surviving increase if the members have similar levels of per capita GNP, geographic proximity, similar or compatible trading and political regimes. Typically, the underdeveloped or the developing economies will have arrangements that are modelled to support import substitution and regional development.

An industrialised or transition economy, on the other hand, will have an outward policy aimed more at boosting rather than controlling global trade. The conditions of agreements are generally regional and might even aim at reorganization of certain industries. For example, the MERCOSUR (which is a bloc consisting Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay), Brazil and Argentina have an automobile trade treaty under which each individual firm has to balance its Brazil-Argentina production and trades. This enables both countries to have plants and hence the profits are rationally distributed.

How does frost build up in refrigerators

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The refrigerator door has to be opened at times to put things in or take things out. When that happens, some outside air is bound to enter the refrigerator. Usually the air coming in from outside has higher humidity than the air in the inside. The mixing of the inner and outer air, therefore, leads to condensation of mois¬ture. This builds up on the cold cooling surface of the refrigerator, where it deposits as frost. This process goes on and on as the fridge is opened and shut frequently. Ultimately, one ends up with thick layers of frost in the deep freezer compartment of the refrigerator.