The Constitution guarantees elaborate Fundamental Rights to Indian citizens, These are contained in Part III of the Constitution. The Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens embodied in the Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will lead their lives in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. These civil liberties take precedence over any other law of the land. They include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights such as habeas corpus.
In addition, the Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens are aimed at overturning the inequities of past social practices. They have also been used to in successfully abolishing the “untouchability“; prohibit discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth; and forbid trafficking in human beings and also the forced labor. They go beyond conventional civil liberties in protecting cultural and educational rights of minorities by ensuring that minorities may preserve their distinctive languages and establish and administer their own education institutions.
Originally, the right to property was also included in the Fundamental Rights; however, the Forty-fourth Amendment, passed in 1978, revised the status of property rights by stating that “No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.” Freedom of speech and expression, generally interpreted to include freedom of the press, can be limited “in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence”
Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens
Right to Equality
- Article 14: Equality before law and equal protection of law
- Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
- Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
- Article 17: End of untouchability
- Article 18: Abolition of titles, Military, and academic distinctions are, however, exempted
Right to Freedom
- Article 19: It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamentals freedoms:-
Freedom of Speech and ExpressionFreedom of AssemblyFreedom of form AssociationsFreedom of MovementFreedom of Residence and SettlementFreedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness
- Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences
- Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
- Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right Against Exploitation
- Article 23: Traffic in human beings prohibited
- Article 24: No child below the age of 14 can be employed
Right to freedom of Religion
- Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Article 27: Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
- Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions
Don’t Miss: The Fundamental Duties
Cultural and Educational Rights
- Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities
- Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
- Article 31: Omitted by the 44th Amendment Act
Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 32: The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar)
Forms of Writ check
Habeas Corpus: Equality before law and equal protection of law
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