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We have a curated list of the most noteworthy articles from all across the globe. With any subscription plan, you get access to exclusive articles that let you stay ahead of the curve.
We have a curated list of the most noteworthy articles from all across the globe. With any subscription plan, you get access to exclusive articles that let you stay ahead of the curve.
Ebola virus (EBOV) is the sole member of the Zaire ebolavirus species and the most dangerous of the five known viruses within the genus Ebola virus. Four of the five known ebolaviruses cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as Ebola virus disease. The virus and its species were both originally named for Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), the country where it was first described, and was at first suspected to be a new “strain” of the closely related Marburg virus; the virus (but not its species) was renamed to “Ebola virus” in 2010 to avoid confusion.
The species is a virological taxon species included in the genus Ebola virus, family Filoviridae (whose members are called Filovirus), order Mononegavirales. The Zaire ebolavirus species is also the type species (reference or example species) for ebola virus. Its natural reservoir is believed to be bats, particularly fruit bats, and it is primarily transmitted between humans and from animals to humans, through body fluids.
The EBOV genome is approximately 19,000 base pairs long. It encodes seven structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase cofactor(VP35), (VP40), GP, transcription activator (VP30), VP24, and RNA polymerase (L). It is difficult to study due to the virulent nature of the virus.
Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%. EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.
Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.
Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in people or animals.
Symptoms of Ebola typically include
Fever (greater than 38.6°C or 101.5°F)
Severe headache
Muscle pain
Weakness
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Abdominal (stomach) pain
Lack of appetite
Ebola virus is one of the four ebolaviruses known to cause disease in humans. It has the highest case-fatality rate of these ebolaviruses, averaging 83% since first described in 1976, although fatality rates up to 90% have been recorded in one epidemic (2002–03). There have also been more outbreaks of ebola virus than of any other ebolavirus. The first outbreak occurred on 26 August 1976 in Yambuku. The first recorded case was Mabalo Lokela, a 44‑year-old schoolteacher. The symptoms resembled malaria, and subsequent patients received quinine. Transmission has been attributed to reuse of unsterilized needles and close personal contact, body fluids and places where the person has touched.
Prolonged cases are often complicated by the occurrence of long-term problems, such as inflammation of the testicles, joint pains, muscle pains, skin peeling, or hair loss. Eye symptoms, such as light sensitivity, excess tearing, iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis, and blindness have also been described. EBOV and SUDV may be able to persist in the semen of some survivors for up to seven weeks, which could give rise to infections and disease via sexual intercourse.
Ebola virus was first isolated in 1976 during outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Zaire) and Southern Sudan. The strain of Ebola that broke out in the Democratic Republic of the Congo had one of the highest case fatality rates of any human virus, 88%.
[1] Who has been appointed as new Chairman of Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)? Ans – Senior IRS officer K V Chowdary
[2] Who laid the foundation of 44 MW Chutak hydro-electric project and Nimoo Bazgo project in Jammu and Kashmir? Ans – Prime Minister Narendra Modi
[3] Who won gold medal at Archery World Cup Stage IV in Wroclaw, Poland by defeating Mexican team 6-0?
Ans – Indian Women’s Recurve team led by Deepika Kumari
[4] Name the author of the book ‘Munger through the Age’?
Ans – DP Yadav
[5] The construction work of the world’s tallest railway bridge began at?
Ans – Noney in Manipur, India
[6] Who took oath as the first woman Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court?
Ans – Justice Dr. Manjula Chellur
[7] Who was awarded with Copley Medal 2014 by Royal Society of London?
Ans – The geneticist Prof Sir Alec Jeffreys
[8] Who was appointed as Deputy National Security Adviser (NSA)?
Ans – Arvind Gupta, former Indian Foreign Service office
IMPORTANT INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENTS & YEARS ____________________________________________
• Government of India Act 1858 • Indian National Congress (1885) • Partition of Bengal (1905) • Muslim League (1906) • Swadeshi Movement (1905) • Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) • Lucknow Pact (1916)
• Home Rule Movement (1916-Â1920)
• The Gandhian Era (1917-1947)
• Khilafat Movement (1920)
• The Rowlatt Act (1919)
• Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre (1919)
• Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)
• Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
• Swaraj Party (1923)
• Simon Commission (1927)
• Dandi March (1930)
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)
• The Government of India Act, 1935
• Quit India Movement (1942)
• Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)
• Interim Government (1946)
• Formation of Constituent Assembly (1946)
• Mountbatten Plan (1947)
• The Indian Independence Act, 1947
• Partition of India (1947)
1. Total member countries – 28 2. Total official languages – 24 3. Total countries using euro currency – 17+1 4. 28th member of EU – CROATIA. 5. Latvia become the 18th country to use euro. 6. Latvia is expected to replace its currency, the Lat, with the Euro by January 1, 2014 7. The de facto Capital of EU is – Brussels 8. Anthem of EU – Ode to Joy 9. Winner of 2012 nobel prize for peace. 10. The 18 countries which are using Euro are – Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
Approach To Public Administration (Advanced- Unit wise strategy) by Prince Dhawan
In this optional, there is no dearth of information. Students will have access to all kinds of coaching notes, books and other publications. One must be careful not to waste time in covering everything from all sources. Be very choosy about what sources you refer to and then stick to them even if your friends refer different sources. Go through YOUR material again and again.
Some standard books for Public Administration are-
Awasthi and Maheshwari- Public Administration
Prasad and Prasad – Thinkers
Ramesh Arora – Indian Administration
Mohit Bhattacharya – New Horizons in Public Administration.
Maheshwari – Indian Administration
IGNOU books.
Fadia and Fadia
Sharma and Sadana
There is no need to read all the books from cover to cover. Prepare topic wise in a comprehensive manner. Use examples, contemporary relevance, case studies etc. Read case studies from The Hindu, Frontline, Kurukshetra and Yojana. I must admit here that due to paucity of time, I personally could not refer to Kurukshetra but sometimes I did pick up selective issues and found them very useful.
For those topics that were covered in the class, I first used to read my class notes and tried to understand them. Then, I used to refer to other sources for more details and clarity. For topics that were not covered in the class, I began by reading that topic from at least 2 different books and understanding the basics. Sometimes, I also read the printed material to supplement my knowledge. Then I made my own notes for these topics.
Next, I tried to memorize all that I had studied so that I could recall the crucial points at the right time. I used to do this by reading my notes and underlined portions in the books again and again.
Finally, to gain confidence, I used to write answers to as many questions as I could.
Paper-I
Introduction:
This Chapter is very important. Read topics from class notes, Fadia and Fadia, and Mohit Bhattacharya. Also refer to IGNOU notes for this topic. The information from this topic can be used in answering questions of other units as well. This is a very scoring area.
2. Administrative Thought:
You must know the theories of various scholars very well. Try to go in as much detail as you can but do not go into unnecessary details. Writing some details (but not all details) gives a unique touch to your answers. Read from Prasad and Prasad. This is also a very scoring area.
3. Administrative Behaviour:
For this chapter, read from Sharma and Sadana. It is a very good source of information. I also found the printed material of my coaching class helpful. You may want to make your own notes though this depends from person to person.
4. Organisations:
This is a relatively small chapter which can be studied from any standard book or from the printed material of any coaching class.
5. Accountability and Control:
Questions from this chapter are being asked lately as it is relevant in the current context. Apart from your class notes, you can go through Sharma and Sadana, printed material and Yojana and Kurukshetra articles. There is a lot of scope of innovation in this topic in the sense that you will often be able to correlate it to news items/editorials in the news papers and you will also find many case studies. If questions come from this area there is ample scope for you to give some unique points that may not be found in most of the answer scripts.
6. Administrative Law:
For this Chapter, you can refer to Sharma and Sadana and newspapers. It is a very scoring area. Information may also be pooled in from Awasthi and Maheshwari and GS Polity notes. Just like for the previous Unit, if questions come from this area there is ample scope for you to give some unique points that may not be found in most of the answer scripts.
7. Comparative Public Administration:
For this topic, it is good to refer to class notes OR Ramesh Arora (no need to do both). Since the book is short, one can read the entire book and underline relevant portions. If you are able to get a grip over the content in this book or your class notes, you will be able to answer any question for CPA.
8. Development Dynamics:
This is a very important Chapter even though questions may not be asked every year but material from this chapter can be used in other topics too. Also, since many books were written in early 2000 or late 90s, you will have to make use of your knowledge from GS, newspapers and Yojana/Frontline/IJPA articles for this topic. You can rely on your class notes for this topic. The book by Mohit Bhattacharya titled- Social Theory & Development Administration is helpful.
9. Personnel Administration:
For this chapter, I read from two books- Sharma and Sadana and Fadia and Fadia. I also referred to the printed material. This is an important chapter since questions are being asked in the past 2-3 years from this area. Practice writing answers and correlate this chapter with the Civil Services Chapter of Paper-II. Study both these Chapters together comprehensively. Make sure to quote ARC recommendations and reports of other relevant committees as and when appropriate.
10. Public Policy:
For this chapter, IGNOU notes are a very good source apart from class notes. Questions are not asked regularly but students must focus on Policy Implementation and Policy Evaluation. Also keep an eye out in news papers and magazines for latest information in this topic.
11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement:
This is a small chapter and may be studied from printed material and Internet. There is a lot of scope of giving unique points in this chapter.
12. Financial Administration:
This is a very important chapter and students must study it thoroughly. I referred class notes, printed material and Sharma and Sadana for this unit. Study this chapter along with Financial Management of Paper-II comprehensively as a single unit.
Paper- II
While answering Indian Administration questions, answer with respect to Constitution, Preamble, etc and how the issue is in conformity with basic structure.
1. Evolution of Indian Administration:
This is a scoring area although there is little scope of uniqueness in this topic. It is given very well in Rajini Goyal and Arora.
2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of government:
Rajini Goyal and Arora, class notes and D.D. Basu. Remember to always correlate answer in this topic with Constitution and current Parliamentary enactments.
3. Public Sector Undertakings:
This is a topic that is best covered from IJPA articles and also from Laxmikant.
4. Union Government and Administration:
Refer to your class notes, GS Polity notes, Rajini Goyal and Arora and newspapers. There is a lot of scope to innovate in this topic by quoting current practices of our Parliamentary system and comparing them with practices in other nations especially USA and UK.
5. Plans and Priorities:
I could not find any good source for this Chapter so I relied on class notes and IJPA articles.
6. State Government and Administration:
Same sources and approach as Chapter-4.
7. District Administration since Independence:
Refer to Rajini Goyal and Arora, IJPA articles and the book by Avasthi and Avasthi.
8. Civil Services:
Same sources and approach as Chapter-9 of Paper-I.
9. Financial Management:
Same sources and approach as Chapter-12 of Paper-I.
10. Administrative Reforms since Independence:
For this chapter read the reports of various committees. If you are not able to read entire reports then read their summaries. Lay emphasis on understanding the overall picture of administrative reforms in our nation since Independence. Also, you must use information from this topic extensively in answers to other topics’ questions as well.
11. Rural Development:
12. Urban Local Government:
For the above two Chapters, apart from class notes, I read Rajini Goyal and Arora. I also used a lot of information from newspapers and Yojana articles. In answers for these units, first always correlate with Constitutional articles, then give basic points and then cite case studies.
13. Law and Order Administration:
For this Unit, apart from class notes, I read Avasthi and Avasthi. I also used information from newspapers and Frontline articles. There is a lot of room of innovation in this Chapter and students can give many unique points in their answers.
14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:
Questions from this chapter are increasingly being asked recently. Unfortunately, I could not find any comprehensive source for this topic. I thus relied heavily on newspapers, Frontline/Yojana/IJPA articles and my GS Current Affairs notes. Answers in this chapter, if written well can fetch a lot of marks and there is a lot of scope of giving unique points by going into details of the setup of relevant institutions in India. For example, in Disaster Management, you can discuss the entire machinery at Central, State and District levels and details of relevant Acts
