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Solar System: Some Important Facts

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Biggest Planet: Jupiter
Smallest Planet: Mercury
Largest Planet to Sun: Mercury
Farthest Planet from Sun: Neptune
Largest Planet to Earth: Venus
Brightest Planet: Venus
Hottest Planet: Venus
Coldest Planet: Neptune
Red Planet: Mars
Biggest Satellite: Ganymede
Smallest Satellite: Deimos
Blue Planet: Earth
Morning Star: Venus
Evening Star: Venus
Planet with Red Spot: Jupiter
Brightest planet outside Solar System: Sirius (Dog Star)
Closest Star of Solar System: Proxima Centauri
Fastest rotation in Solar System: Jupiter
Slowest rotation in Solar System: Venus
Fastest revolution in Solar System: Mercury
Slowest revolution in Solar System: Neptune

Scientific Instruments

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Altimeter is a special type of aneroid barometer, used in measuring altitudes.

Ammeter is an instrument to measure the strength of an electric current.

Amplifier is an electronic device that increases the strength of a signal fed into it.

Anemometer is an instrument to measure the velocity and find the direction of the wind.

Audiometer is an instrument to measure difference in hearing.

Timeline of Indian Space Odyssey

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Indian Space
Indian Space

1962 ushered in the space era in India as the Atomic Energy Department set up the Indian National Committee for Space Research, and the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station or TERLS.

1969 saw the formation of ISRO or the Indian Space Research Organization, under the Department of Atomic Energy.

1971 another step forward was taken with the establishment of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

1975 was an important year. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment was launch, and the first Indian-made satellite, Aryabhatta was successfully put into orbit.

1979 marked the success of Bhaskara-1, an Earth observation satellite, and the first experimental launch of SLV – 3.

1980 witnessed the second and successful experimental launch of SLV- 3 that placed Rohini satellite.

1981 was an eventful year with the first developmental launch of SLV – 3 that placed Rohini into orbit, the launch of APPLE, an experimental geostationary satellite, and the launch of Bhaskara – II.

1982 was the year of INSAT – 1A communication satellite was launched.

1983 saw the second developmental flight of SLV – 3, and the commissioning of the INSAT system with the launch of INSAT 1 B.

1984 was the year that every Indian’s heart swelled with pride as the first Indian cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma soared into space, and spent eight days on the Russian Space Station, SALYUT -7.

1987 was a year that ISRO faced a setback when the first developmental launch of Augmented SLV, the satellite SROSS-1 failed.

1988 saw another setback when the second developmental flight of ASLV with SROSS satellite also failed. However, the Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS – 1A was launched through a Russian rocket.

1992 was a year of successes with the launch of ASLV that placed the SROSS-C satellite in orbit and the launch of INSAT – 2A which was followed by the 3 and 4 series.

1993 was a disappointing year with the failure of the first developmental flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle with IRS-1E.

1994 on the other hand, marked the success of the fourth developmental flight of ASLV with SROSS – C2.

1997  witnessed the first operational launch of PSLV – 4 carrying IRS – 1D.

1999 was the year that PSLV started carrying foreign payloads along with ISRO’s OCEANSAT.

2001 was a good year with the successful launch of the heavy rocket Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle with GSAT – 1 satellite and the launch of PSLV with India’s technology experimental satellite and satellites from Belgium and Germany.

2003 GSAT – 2 on board GSLV and RESOURCESAT – 1 by PSLV were both launched successfully.

2004 was the year of that Edusat was put into orbit GSLV’s first operational flight.

2005 saw the commissioning of a second launch pad at Sriharikota as well as the launch of CARTOSAT – 1 and Hamsat by PSLV.

2006 was a disappointment as the second operational flight of GSLV with INSAT – 4C failed.

2007 was once again, a good year. CARTOSAT – 2 with space capsule recovery experiment and two foreign satellites were launched. The space capsule was successfully recovered, and the Italian satellite AGILE was put into orbit by PSLV, and the INSAT – 4CR was launched by GSLV.

2008 was a historic year. It witnessed the successful launch of the Israeli satellite Tecsar by PSLV, and India’s first path breaking Moon mission Chandrayaan – 1 lifted off to international acclaim.

2010 saw the failure of two GSLV missions. It also witnessed the launch of CARTOSAT – 2B, STUDSAT and three small foreign satellite by PSLV

2011 was a busy year on the space frontier. There was the launch of RESOURCESAT – 2, and two small satellite by PSLV, the launch of GSAT – 12, the launch of Megha Tropiques and three small satellites, also PSLV.

2012 On September 9th, ISRO scored a century when a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle put into orbit two foreign satellites – the French SPOT – 6 and the Japanese Proiteres. This marked the 100th space mission of the Indian Space Research Organisation.

2013 India’s first interplanetary probe, Mars Orbiter Spacecraft Mangalyaan launched on November 5, 2013, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.

Must Read:

10 Countries with Space presence

The Earth and the Universe

STORY – The Missing Watch:

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There once was a farmer who discovered that he had lost his watch in the barn. It was no ordinary watch because it had sentimental value for him.
After searching high and low among the hay for a long while; he gave up and enlisted the help of a group of children playing outside the barn.

He promised them that the person who found it would be rewarded.

Hearing this, the children hurried inside the barn, went through and around the entire stack of hay but still could not find the watch. Just when the farmer was about to give up looking for his watch, a little boy went up to him and asked to be given another chance.
The farmer looked at him and thought, “Why not? After all, this kid looks sincere enough.”

So the farmer sent the little boy back in the barn. After a while the little boy came out with the watch in his hand! The farmer was both happy and surprised and so he asked the boy how he succeeded where the rest had failed.

The boy replied, “I did nothing but sit on the ground and listen. In the silence, I heard the ticking of the watch and just looked for it in that direction.”

Final Words:

A peaceful mind can think better than a worked up mind. Allow a few minutes of silence to your mind every day, and see, how sharply it helps you to set your life the way you expect it to be!

10 Must Read Books for UPSC Aspirants – Advanced Studies

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10 must read books for ias

Generally you may easily find over hundred of books in the bookshelves of civil services aspirants, but there are only few books they actually hangout with. I felt following are widely accepted best books to read. So here is the list of 1o General Studies books for UPSC aspirants for advanced studies.

Books for Beginner IAS Aspirants —

Textbooks and Journals- Books for UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Exam Preparation

NCERT Books (Download) – NCERT books for IAS Exam Preparation – PDF Free Download

Books for UPSC Aspirants (Advanced)

These books are equally useful for IAS aspirants in advanced level of studies.

1. Introduction to the Constitution of India 21st Edition

Written by Durga Das Basu, the book is indispensable for politicians, journalists, statesmen and administrative authorities and is also prescribed in several Universities even for undergraduate courses in Civics. It incorporates all amendments to the Constitution upto 98th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2013 and contains materials, figures and charts not included in any publication so far on the subject. Contains elaborate comments on separatism in Punjab, Assam and elsewhere.

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2. Constitutional Law of India – A Critical Commentary

Written by Hormasji Maneckji Seervai. One of the most read books by UPSC and other Civil Service aspirants.

3. V. N. Shukla’s Constitution of India

Written by Mahendra Pal Singh, this book has proved itself, over eleven editions, to be the most authoritative and respected academic book on Indian Constitution. Its outstanding reputation has established it in the foremost rank of classic legal textbooks.

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4. The Wonder That Was India 3rd Edition

Written by Arthur Llewellyn Basham. The Wonder That was India takes a look at the country’s history from the time of the Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization. It explores the possible causes for the decline of the Harappan civilization and settlements. The book talks about the possibility of the Harappans having moved towards the south and settled in the peninsular region. The author also discusses the Aryan invasion theory, supporting it with various research papers and findings of that time. The evolution of Hindu religion is also talked about in this book—from the Harappan times, to the coming of the Aryans and the mutual influence that Hinduism and its off shoots Jainism and Buddhism had on each other.

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5. Ancient India

Written by Romila Thapar. The book provides insight of ancient India and considered as the best choice for Civil Services aspirants.

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6. Agrarian System of Mughal India

Written by Irfan Habib. A book read by most of UPSC aspirants as well as other competitive exams related to civil services.

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7. India’s Struggle for Independence

Written by Bipin Chandra. Designed for ardent history enthusiasts, India’s Struggle For Independence is one of the most exhaustive and precise account of the struggle of Indian Independence ever written in the literary world. Written and edited by five expert authors, it presents a detailed outlook on one of the most important periods in Indian history. The facts and details provided in this book have been gathered from oral and written sources, and various other primary sources have been used along with years of intense research. Written with a very concise approach, it is a one of a kind book that details the intricacies of the Indian Independence struggle.

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8. India: A Comprehensive Geography

Written by D. R. Khullar. As name suggests it is a comprehensive book of geography in Indian context. The book is one of the best books for UPSC civil services exams.

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9. General Principles of World Geography

Written by Charles Farro. Giving an insight of world geography to aspirants and geography students. In the list of books for UPSC it must rightly included.

10. An Evolution of Indian Economy

Written by I.C. Dhingra. An essential book for economics, you can find this book easily in must read book-list of any serious aspirant.

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You may also like to read: Books for UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Exam Preparation