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United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

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United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations Development Group and its Executive Committee.

UNICEF was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. In 1953, UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations System and its name was shortened from the original United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.

Must Read: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

Objective of United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

The main objective of UNICEF is to look after children’s welfare especially in developing countries by providing people with low cost community-based services in maternal and child-health, nutrition and immunization, etc.

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund is present in 191 countries and territories around the world. UNICEF designated in 1979 as the “Year of the Child”.

In the United States, Canada and some other countries, UNICEF is known for its “Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF” program in which children collect money for United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy.

Also Read: The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

UNICEF’s Programmes in India

During the 1980s, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund assisted the U.N. Commission on Human Rights in the drafting of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. After its introduction to the U.N. General Assembly in 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child became the most widely ratified human rights treaty in history.

Also Read:

Since 1996 United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund programs have been guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which affirms the right of all children to “the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation of health.” UNICEF’s activities are financed by both government and private contributions.

What makes United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund unique in India is its network of 13 state offices. These enable the organisation to In the United States, Canada and some other countries, United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund is known for its “Trick-Or-Treat for UNICEF” program in which children collect money for UNICEF from the houses they trick-or-treat on Halloween night, sometimes instead of candy. Focus attention on the poorest and most disadvantaged communities, alongside its work at the national level.

Key achievements of the UNICEF Country Programme

  • Provision of water supply and sanitation to 65 per cent of schools;
  • Mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS prevention education for adolescents in 75 percent of all government schools;
  • Doubling in the coverage in household sanitation;
  • Improved school governance and child-friendly classroom environments;
  • Adoption of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) as a key strategy for child health

Today in History – 14 February

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today-in-history-14-feb269

Saint Valentine was executed outside the Flaminian Gate in Rome on Claudius’ command. His command was that,  Valentinus either renounce his faith or he would be beaten with clubs, and beheaded.

1483

Zahir Al-Din Muhammad Babur Shah (1526-30), prince and founder of Mughal dynasty in India, was born.

1556

Mughal Emperor Akbar was proclaimed as successor of Humayun at the age of tewelve years at Kalanur, Gurudaspur district, Punjab. Akbar (1542-1605), grandson of Babur, became third Mughal Emperor at the age of 13 years. He de-established Islam as state religion and declared himself impartial ruler of Hindus and Muslims. He also encouraged Art, Culture and Religious Tolerance.

1628

Fifth Mughal Emperor Shahjahan was crowned.

1658

Dara Sulaiman Shukoh was defeated in the struggle for Delhi throne Shuja’s in the battle of Bahadurpur near Varanasi.

1901

King Edward VII open’s his first parliament.

1989

Supreme Court orders Union Carbide Coporation of USA and Union Carbide India Limited to pay $470 millions (about Rs. 710 crores) in full and final settlement of all claims out of the Bhopal gas Disaster Litigation tragedy of 1985.

Today in History – 13 February

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today in history 13 february

1601

John Lancaster leads 1st East India Company voyage from London.

1713

Farrukh Siyar becomes Emperor of India after capturing Red Fort.

Sultan Jahandar Shah was strangled to death. Farrukhsiyar captured the throne of Delhi from Jahandar Shah with the assistance of two Sayyid brothers.

1856

East India Company captured Lucknow along with Avadh Kingdom.

1861

Colonel Bernard Irwin attacks & defeats hostile Chiricahua Indians.

1879

Sarojini Naidu “Nightingale of India”, was born at Hyderabad. She was the first Governor of Uttar Pradesh. She also holds a place of pride among the women freedom fighters of India. She presided over the Kanpur session of Indian National Congress and took active part in Salt Satyagraha and represented Indian women in Round Table Conference, London, 1931.

1922

The Indian National Congress suspends its civil disobedience campaign in the face of mounting violence.

1936

Dinsha Wachha, great Industrialist and social worker, passed away at Mumbai.

1968

Atal Bihari Vajpayee elected President of the All India Jan Sangha.

1984

Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister, inaugurated the first manufacturing work of Indian Submarines at Mazgaon Dock, Bombay.

 Niti Aayog Task Force on Eliminating Poverty

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Syskool
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Niti Aayog Task Force for Eliminating Poverty

The Niti Aayog’s task Force on Eliminating Poverty has put its weight behind the controversial “Tendulkar Poverty line” that ranks people earning less than Rs.33/a day as poor. It argues that the line is mainly meant to be a marker for following progress in eliminating poverty.

Background

A Committee chaired by Suresh Tendulkar,  the former chairman of the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council and the National Statstical Commission, measured poverty lines for 2004-2005 at a level that was equal, in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), to one dollar per person each day, that was then the internationally accepted poverty line.

The Planning Commission, making the norms of the Tendulkar Panel its base, had announced that in absolute terms the number of poor had decreased from 40.7 crore to 35.5 crore during the period 2004-2005 to 2009-2010 and in 26.9 crore in 2011-2012. The UPA Government after facing severe criticism and strong protest against these estimates in many quarters, in May 2012, formed a five-member expert group to review the way poverty was measured. This expert group was headed by C Rangarajan who was the then chairman of the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council. In its report the Rangarajan Committee recommended that the persons spending below Rs.47/day in cities and Rs. 32 in villages could be considered as poor.

In fact, the PPP model is a method that is used to get an estimate of the money that would be needed to buy the same goods and services in two places. This method is used, across countries, to  appraise an implied foreign exchange rate, at which a preferred amount of money has the same purchasing power in different countries. This exchange rate has been termed as PPP rate.

Must Read: Important Government Schemes for Poverty Eradication

The Task Force Version

The panel says that before coming to a final decision we will have to impart proper attention to the fact that the objective behind setting up a poverty line is to mark progress in eliminating poverty. The panel further clarifies that it is not for the identification of the poor for the purposes of distributing government benefits. The Panel asserts that it is sensible to set the poverty line at a level that can allow households to get two square meals a day and other basic necessities of life.

The Task Force’s Major Recommendations

It has recommended sweeping transformations in MGNREGA to allow the use of the programmes’ funds, by diverting it, to pay for labour of private farms. The Task Force has suggested modest cash transfers to the poorest five families in each village; Gram Panchayats have to identify these five families.

Also Read: Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojna (PMMY)

7 Essential Steps to Prepare for IAS Exam – Topper’s suggestion

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Syskool
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Prepare for IAS

These 7 must do things while you prepare for IAS Exam, it will increase your chances of success, as it has already been tested by IAS Exam topper Rachit Raj himself. He is sharing the 7 points with all aspirants who prepare for IAS exam.

1. Just make a habit of noting down the materials you read. You will feel lazy in this but just promise yourself that you gonna do this. Because these things during the time of the revision will aid you a lot.


2. Newspaper reading is a must . Go through it and make a habit of making notes out of it. As you cannot retain all information so it’s better to note down as in during revision this would help you out. You will feel very lazy in making notes and you may postpone it for tomorrow but please it’s your future and it’s your goal, so be a little selfish and try to do that for yourself.
In newspaper, you can have a glance of the whole but try to effectively study the editorial section, national news of vital importance, etc


3. It’s your choice about the magazine. But make a habit of going through and making notes of the magazine material you studied. It would really gonna help you in later times. Also, try to go through the questions given in them as per seeing the changing trend in the IAS exam.


4. Don’t be frustrated by the materials and syllabus. No one can prepare all and everything. So it’s up to you how much and how well you are studying. You have to manage study and revision accordingly.


5. Don’t pay much attention to what your contemporaries say. As it will mainly lead to demotivate you and in this exam the primary criteria is that you need to be motivated all the time. You are quite matured to decide for yourself. You should not be influenced by others


6. The journey is yours and life is yours. You have to decide how to live and sustain. It’s all upto you that how effectively you manage. But just remember that you cannot waste your time uselessly, so in proper apt time, you need to give your best and receive the best.


7. So take an oath before yourself that you will follow your path honestly and will try your best. You are not gonna be demotivated and you have to build patience, tolerance, and perseverance in yourself. You need to fill your life with the colours of positivity and confidence.

More articles by Rachit Raj:

Article written by: Mr. Rachit Raj, IAS

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