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Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya

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MOKSHAGUNDAM VISVESVARAYA: A BORN ENGINEER AND BUILDER OF MODERN INDIA

The present day India is glowing with multi-storeyed buildings, heavy manufacturing industries, huge dams & reservoirs and well planned cities. The pioneer of building this modern Indiais the great engineer SIR MOKSHAGUNDAM VISVESVARAYA, who always dreamed of seeing a technologically advanced and industrialized India with a modern outlook.

In pre independence situation, with inadequate facilities and in adverse conditions M Visvesvaraya created many economically viable constructions and also historical projects like KRISHNARAJA SAGAR dam of Mysore, OSMAN SAGAR of Hyderabad and so on. He always aimed of modernising India and contributed his best for the same.

He served as an Engineer of varios cadres, Diwan of Mysore and Board of Director of TATA group of companies and utilised every single opportunity for the progress of the country. The Government of India celebrates the birthday of VISVESYARAYA, 15th September of every year as THE ENGINEERS DAY.

Visvesvaraya

CHILDHOOD AND EARLY LIFE:

Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born into a family of four on 15th September 1860 in a village called MUDDENAHALLI of MYSORE princely state which was now in Karnataka. Even from his childhood, Visvesvaraya showed signs of engineering bent of mind. When Visvesvaraya was at thirteen, his father passed away and his family went into deep financial crisis.

Visvesvaraya, however managed his studies and obtained his bachelor’s degree fromCENTRAL COLLEGE, Bangalore in 1881. During his college, he used to take tuitions in the morning and attend the college afterwards to support his family. He always stood first in his studies and even attained rare scholarships too. At the age of 24, Visvesvaraya completed his engineering from the famous PUNE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.

CAREER AS AN ENGINEER:

M VISVESVARAYA joined the British Government as an ASSISTANT ENGINEER in Public works department of BOMBAY PRESIDENCY IN 1885. Since then, Visveyaraya started working very hard and always used innovative and novel ideas to solve the problems. In 1909, he joined Mysore state as chief engineer and also woked as diwan. Some of his achievements are:

  • During his early days as an engineer in Bombay presidency he devised new water filtration system in sukkur village where the people were frequently affected by diseases due to unclean drinking water. Then the people of that honoured visvesvaraya very much for his services.
  • He also worked as a freelance engineer in many areas such as Bijapur, Kolhapur, Goa, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Nagpur, Bikaner, Baroda, Bhopal and so on. Everywhere, he applied simple principles of engineering to provide clean drinking water, increase storage capacity of tanks and making the regions free from floods, droughts and diseases.
  • He was solely responsible for transforming mosquito ridden Hyderabad into a beautiful city by constructing OSMAN SAGAR reservoir.
  • He was the inventor of AUTOMATIC SLUICE GATES and BLOCK SYSTEM OFIRRIGATION which are widely used these days.
  • As a chief engineer of Princely state of Mysore, he built the Krishna raja sagar dam, in Mysore which was the largest hydro-electric project at that time. Brundavan Gardens, MYSORE SILK INDUSTRY, SANDAL WOOD SOAP COMPANY and so on were the famous projects dealt by him.
  • As a DIWAN OF MYSORE STATE, Visvesvaraya strived hard for all-round development of the state by setting up universities and industries all over the state.

POST RETIREMENT LIFE:

Even after retirement as DIWAN OF MYSORE in 1919, Visvesvaraya continued his contributions as an engineer.

  • He supervised many government projects and provided his valuable feedbacks
  • He served as a board of director in TATA group of industries for 28 years involving in many historical steel manufacturing and automobile manufacturing industries of the group.
  • He visited many European countries and always wanted India to follow their industrial models. He also given a slogan “INDUSTRIALISE OR PERISH”.

He also received many honorary doctorates, knighthood of the crown of the empire. In 1955, Indian government honoured M Visvesvaraya with the highest honour BHARAT RATNA. Finally, Visvesvaraya died at the age of 101 years in 1962.

CONCLUSION:

The contemporary engineers of India should take MOKSHAGUNDAM VISVESVARAYA’S life as an inspiration and should remember his saying “NATURE NEVER EXCUSES LAPSES”.

The Nobel Prize – Everything you wanted to know

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The Birth of the Nobel Prize :

On a fine morning in 1888, Alfred Nobel opened his regular newspaper to read some fresh news where he was taken by surprise to read his obituary titled “The Merchant of death is dead”. This made him think and created apprehension about how he would be remembered after his death. This incident inspired him to create a will that no one in those times could ever think of.

On 10th, December 1896 at the age of 63 when Alfred Nobel died of cerebral hemorrhage in his villa in San Remo, Italy his will be specified that his fortune be used to create a series of awards for those who create a revolution in the fields of physics, chemistry, literature, medicine and peace. His total assets approximately one hundred eighty-six million US dollars  (USD 186 M) was surrounded by a lot of skepticism. It was not until April 1897 that it was approved by Storting-Parliament of Norway. A Nobel Foundation was formed to take care of Nobel’s fortune and organize the awards.

Read Also: Nobel Prizes Facts

Committee that gives The Nobel Prize

The Norwegian Nobel Committee was formed to award the Nobel Peace Prize and later the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences was formed to award prizes in other categories.

Early recipients of The Nobel Prize

The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Wilhelm Rontgen’s discovery of X-Rays. Jacobus Van’t Hoff received his first Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contribution in chemical thermodynamics. Sully Prodhomme received the first Nobel Prize in Literature over Leo Tolstoy, a poet you know from your English poetry books. The first Nobel Prize is medicine or physiology went to German physiologist and microbiologist Emil Von Behring. He had invented an antitoxin to treat diphtheria which was a fatal disease.

Process for selection of Nobel Prize Winners

The process for finalizing the Nobel Prize is similar in all categories. The only thing highlighting is the way the recommendations are made. The Committee sends out the nomination forms to some 3000 odd individuals, who are prominent academicians working in significant areas. Inquiries are sent out to governments of various countries for the Nobel Peace Prize. The deadline for return of nominations is set, the same year the awards will be announced. The Noble Committee then nominates 300 Nobel Laureates from these forms. These 300 names and other nominations are confidential. The committee prepares a report after taking advice from experts from significant fields. This report along with the nominated candidates is then sent to the prize-awarding institutions who chose the laureate or laureates in each field based on votes. The decision, which cannot be appealed, is immediately announced.

A maximum or three or two different works may be selected per award, except for the Peace prize. If the Peace prize is not awarded the money is divided among the scientific awards.

nobel prize award

Must Read: Nobel Prize for Physics

What does an awardee gets as Nobel Prize (other than the honour)

The Nobel Prize comprises of a medal, a diploma and award money. The Nobel Prize medals are patented trademark of the Nobel Foundation. Each medal features a picture of Alfred Nobel on the obverse with years of his birth and death. The designs of Alfred Nobel’s picture on the peace and economics prizes are slightly different. Each medal weighs up to 175 grams made of 18 carats green gold, plated with 24 carat gold. Each diploma is exclusively made by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureates. The diploma contains a script in Swedish which states the name of the laureate and an excerpt of why they deserve the prize. The award money on the other hand, depends on how much the foundation can award for that particular year.

The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards known to mankind. It was noted that as on 2012, each prize was worth eight million. The prize is not awarded posthumously. But in case, of death of the Nobel Laureate after the award has been announced but before him receiving, it is awarded.

Winners of Nobel Prize for 2015 (and also 2014)

Physics

The Nobel Prize for Physics for the year 2014 was presented to, Hiroshi Amano, Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura for origination of competent blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light. The same was presented to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald in 2015 for neutrino oscillations.

Chemistry

The Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2014 was presented to William E. Moerner, Eric Betzig and Stefan W. Hell for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy and the same was awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for mechanistic studies of DNA repair in 2015.

Medicine

The Noble Prize for physiology and medicine in 2014 was awarded to John O’Keffe, Edvard I.Moser and May-Britt Moser for their findings of cells that constitute the positioning system in the brain. The same award in the year 2015 was awarded to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Omura for their therapies against infections caused by roundworm parasite and Youyou Tu for her therapy against Malaria.

Have a look at: Patrick Modiano Wins Nobel Prize in Literature

Literature

The Noble Prize for literature in 2014 was awarded to Patrick Madiano for the skill of recollection with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation. The same award was in literature in the year 2015 was given to Svetlana Alexievich for her polyphonic writings.

Peace

The Nobel Peace prize in 2014 and 2015 was presented to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai for their struggle against the dominance of children and youth, and National Dialogue Quartet and for its contribution for building a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia during Jasmine Revolution.

Economics

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014 was awarded to Jean Tirole for his analysis of market power and regulation, and the same was awarded to Angus Deaton for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare in 2015.

 

Also, Read:

Nobel Literature Winners Since 1980

Nobel Prize Winners of 2013 & 2014

Sports in India

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Athletics

Athletics is also known as track and field athletics. It is a collection of sports events that involve jumping, running and throwing. In 1896, athletics was first introduced in the Olympic Games and in 1928 women were first allowed to participate in track and field events. Sprints, middle distance events, long distance events, hurdles, relays, road races, race walking are some of the running events.

Badminton

Badminton is a sport that is played with racquets. Either two opposing players or two opposing pairs play this game. The court is divided by a net. The player has to hit the shuttlecock, also known as the feathered projectile with the racquets and pass it to the opponent’s side. The Badminton World Federation was established in 1934 with several founding members. In 1936, India joined as an affiliate. The nations that produces several world-class badminton players are China, Indonesia, South Korea and Malaysia.

Read Also: Popular Sports event in the World

Basketball

Basketball is a team game, in which each team consists of five players. The main objective of the game is to score points by hitting the ball and throwing it into the basket of the opposition team. Basketball was first played in America, in 1891. In 1936, this game was for the first time introduced in the Olympics, which was held in Berlin.

In India, basketball was first played in the year 1930. The first Indian Nation Championship was held in 1934 in Delhi. The main governing body of basketball in India is the Basketball Federation of India that was formed in 1950.

Billiards

Billiards includes a range of cue games. These games are played on a billiards table to test the skill of hitting the billiards balls with a cue stick. Billiards is divided into three subdivisions: carom billiards, pocket billiards, and snooker. All the three games are played with same techniques but the origin and terminology of snooker are different.

In carom billiards, the player is required to hit a cue ball aiming to make contact with the rival’s cue ball. One-pocket, bank pool, eight-ball, nine-ball, and snooker are some of the pocket billiards games. In 2005, billiards was added as an event in the World Games and in 2006 billiards was given a place in the Asian Games.

Bowling

Bowling is an indoor sport in which the player is supposed to roll a bowling ball through a flat surface called lane and hit objects called pins. The main objective of hitting the pins is to make points. There are various categories of bowling that includes ten-pin bowling, candlepin bowling, duckpin bowling, five-pin bowling and bumper bowling. To promote indoor sport such as bowling in India and as a family recreation activity, the Bowling and Billiards Association of India have been established.

Boxing

Boxing is a sport blended with martial art. It is a combat game in which two participants of same weight fights with each other in a series of rounds of one to three minutes. The participants are called boxers. The main objective of the game is to avoid the punches of the opponents. The participant who is able to knock down the opponent is declared as the winner only if the opponent is unable to get up before the referee counts to ten.

Chess

Chess is a board game where mental skill is required to play it. It is a popular game and is played all over the world. This sport is played by two players. It is played on a square sized board on which 8 rows and 8 columns are made, giving 64 spares of alternative colours. The main objective of this game is to checkmate the king of the opposition player. Vishwanathan Anand of India is the present world champion of this game.

Must Read: Facts of Athens Games

Cricket

Cricket is a bat and ball game played by two teams consisting of eleven players each. It is played on a flat pitch of 22 yards with two sets of three stumps on each end of the pitch. The main objective of the game is to score as many runs as possible. It is the second most popular sport in the world after football. The British were the first to introduce cricket in India. The Indian Cricket Control Board was first formed towards the end of 1928. In 1932, India played its first official and international Test match against England.

Extreme sports

Extreme sports, also known as action sports and adventure sports are activities that are considered to have a high level of inherent danger. These sports often involve speed, height, physical exertion and spectacular stunts. In India, one can find a variety of extreme sports that are famous worldwide. Some of the adventure spots that can be enjoyed in India are cycling and motor biking in the Himalayas, mountaineering, gliding, rafting, scuba diving, skiing, trekking, skateboarding, snowboarding, and bungee jumping.

Hockey

Field hockey is one of the most popular games in India. The British Regiments were the first to introduce it in India. In 1885-1886, the first hockey club was formed in Kolkata by Punjab and Mumbai. Hockey is a team game in which each team consists of 11 players including a gaol-keeper. The first hockey association founded in India was the Bengal Hockey. In 1928, India for the first time played in Olympic Games, held in Amsterdam.

Football

Football is an outdoor game that was first introduced during the British Reign. Today, it is one of the major sports in India. It is a team game and is said to be the top sports in the states of West Bengal, Kerala, and Goa. Kolkata is considered as the home of Indian football.  India was considered as an Asian powerhouse of football. India was the champion of the Asian Games in 1951 and 1962. The present governing body of the Indian football is the All India Football Federation.

Golf

Golf is an outdoor sport in which a player is required to hit a ball into a hole with lowest number of strokes. This sport is played in golf courses and several types of clubs are used to play it. Each golf course is designed in a unique form and can consist of either 9 or 18 holes. In 1456 A.D, the first game of golf was played at Bruntsfield Links, in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Ice hockey

Ice hockey is played on ice. It is known to be one of the world’s fastest sports, with players on skates capable of going high speeds either on artificial or natural ice surfaces. In the game, two teams consisting of six players skates through the ice surface to knock a flat round puck into goal of the opponents.

A helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts, a ‘jock’ athletic protector, shin pads, chest protector and a neck guard are the equipments required while playing ice hockey. In 2003, the first National Ice Hockey Championship was held in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a team game and is very popular among the people of Asia. Each team consist of seven players and the main objective is to score higher points by competing with the opponent team. Kabaddi involves physical strength and stamina and is a combination of rugby and wrestling. It is one among the most simple and inexpensive games that does not require a huge area or any expensive equipments.

Also, Read: Olympic Games fact

Kho-Kho

Kho-Kho is one of the popular traditional sports in India. It is believed by the historians that it is a modified form of ‘Run Chase’ which involves chasing and touching a player. Maharashtra is the origin of Kho-Kho. Like most of the Indian games, Kho-Kho is also enjoyable, inexpensive and simple.

To play this game two teams consisting of 9 players is required. One team chases while the other defends or runs. Each team gets 9 minutes twice to chase and defeat. The chaser has to follow the runner and touch or tag them to make them out. The game requires a ground, rectangular in shape. The only equipment required to play this game is two poles.

Lawn Tennis

Lawn Tennis is a game that can be either played indoors or outdoors. It is played by two or four player on a rectangular court. Racquets is used to strike the ball back and forth across a net situated in the middle of the court. To score points, the player has to hit the ball out of the opponents reach.

Lawn tennis was first played in India in the late 19th century. In 1910, the first All Indian Championship in Tennis was held. There are several Indians who have made a mark on the tennis court. Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupathi were the first doubles team to reach four Grand Slam finals. They have also won Wimbledon and French Open.

Rugby

Rugby is a team game that descended from the common form of football that was developed in Rugby, at Rugby school. American football, rugby league, rugby union and Canadian football are some of the modern sports that are originated from rugby. British were the first to introduce rugby in India. In 1998, India first played rugby internationally. The game has now spread all over the country and has attained great popularity. Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore and Chennai are some of the main centres where rugby is played. The main governing body of rugby in India is the Indian Rugby Football Union.

Shooting

Shooting is a competitive sport involving tests of accuracy and speed using various types of guns like firearms and airguns. This sport is basically categorised on the type of firearm or target used. India got the first Olympic individual silver medal in 2004. Shooting is considered as an expensive sport that can be perused only by the affluent, powerful and the talented with institutional support. In India, with the establishment of the National Rifle Association of India in 1951, the shooting sport took an organised form.

Table tennis

Table tennis is an indoor game played by two or four players. The players play with a ball and a small bat on a table divided by a net. This game is also known as ping-pong. India is known to be one among the countries named as the birth place of this famous sport. The Table Tennis Federation of India was formed in 1937, in Calcutta. India was a founder member of the International Table Tennis Championship as well as took part in the inaugural World championship held in London, in the year 1926. In 1952, for the first time in Asia, the World championship was held in Mumbai.

Volleyball

Volleyball is a team game that can be played either indoor or outdoor. Each team consist of six players. The main objective of this game is to score points by hitting a ball back and forth across a net. It is an inexpensive and popular game that can be played in all seasons. In 1958, volleyball was first introduced at the Asian Games held at Tokyo. Indian took part and gained third position. In 1960, for the first time, men’s volleyball was included as an event in the World Olympic Games. Soviet Union, Italy, Japan, Czechoslovakia, Poland and German are the countries who own the finest teams of volleyball.

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Ancient Olympic Games

10 Important Football Tournaments

National Games of Various Countries

International Relations

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International relations (IR) is the study of relationships among countries, the roles of sovereign states, inter-governmental organizations (IGO), international non-governmental organizations (INGO), non-governmental organizations (NGO), and multinational corporations (MNC). International relations is an academic and a public policy field, and so can be positive and normative, because it analyzes and formulates the foreign policy of a given State. International relations dates from the time of the Greek historian Thucydides, and, in the early 20th century, became a discrete academic field within political science. However, international relations is an interdisciplinary field of study.

The field of international relations draws intellectual materials from the fields technology and engineering, economics, history, and international law, philosophy, geography, and social work, sociology, anthropology, and criminology, psychology and gender studies, cultural studies and culturology. The scope of international relations comprehends globalization, state sovereignty, and international security, ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, and nationalism, economic development and global finance, terrorism and organized crime, human security, foreign interventionism, and human rights.

The history of international relations can be traced back to thousands of years ago; Barry Buzan and Richard Little. The interaction of ancient Sumerian city-states starting in 3,500 BC was the first fully-fledged international system.

The history of international relations based on sovereign states is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, a stepping stone in the development of the modern state system.

The concept of power in international relations can be described as the degree of resources, capabilities, and influence in international affairs. It is often divided up into the concepts of hard power and soft power, hard power relating primarily to coercive power, such as the use of force, and soft power commonly covering economics, diplomacy and cultural  influence.

Liberal international relations theory arose after World War I in response to the inability of states to control and limit war in their international relations. Early adherents include Woodrow Wilson and Norman Angell, who argued vigorously that states mutually gained from cooperation and that war was so destructive as to be essentially futile.

Liberalism was not recognized as a coherent theory as such until it was collectively and derisively termed idealism by E. H. Carr. A new version of “idealism” that focused on human rights as the basis of the legitimacy of international law was advanced by Hans Köchler.

Systemic tools of international relations

  • Diplomacy is the practice of communication and negotiation between representatives of states. To some extent, all other tools of international relations can be considered the failure of diplomacy.
  • Sanctions are usually a first resort after the failure of diplomacy, and are one of the main tools used to enforce treaties. They can take the form of diplomatic or economic sanctions and involve the cutting of ties and imposition of barriers to communication or trade.
  • War, the use of force, is often thought of as the ultimate tool of international relations. The study of war in international relations is covered by the disciplines of ‘War Studies’ and ‘Strategic studies’.
  • The mobilization of international shame can also be thought of as a tool of international relations. This is mostly done by the large human rights NGOs such as Amnesty Internationalor Human Rights Watch. The current United Nations Human Rights Council has yet to use this Mechanism
  • The allotment of economic and/or diplomatic benefits. Candidate countries are allowed entry into the EU only after the fulfilment of the Copenhagen criteria.

Religion is visible as an organising principle particularly for Islamic states, whereas secularism sits at the other end of the spectrum, with the separation of state and religion being responsible for the liberal international relations theory.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization that describes itself as a “global association of governments facilitating co-operation in international, international security, economic development, and social equity”; It is the most prominent international institution. Many of the legal institutions follow the same organizational structure as the UN.

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is an international organization consisting of 57 member states. The organisation attempts to be the collective voice of the Muslim world  and attempts to safeguard the interests and ensure the progress and well-being of Muslims.

Who’s Who in India 2020 Update

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President of India

Shri Ram Nath Kovind assumed the office of President on 25 July 2017. He is the 14th President of India. Prior to this, he has served as Governor of Bihar and Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha.

Vice President of India

Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu became the Vice President of India on 11 August 2017. Earlier he has served as Cabinet Minister in Modi and Vajpayee Governments.

Prime Minister of India

Narendra Modi became Prime Minister of India on 26th May 2014 (and again on 30th May 2019). He is first Prime Minister of India to be born after India got Independent.

Chief Justice of India

Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde, born on 24 April 1956 joined the office of CJI as 47th Chief Justice on 18 November 2019.

Chiefs of Armed Forces

Chief of the Defense Staff
General Bipin Rawat UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM

Chief of the Army Staff
General Manoj Mukund Naravane

Chief of the Air Staff
Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria

Chief of the Naval Staff
Chief Admiral Karambir Singh

Chief Ministers of Indian States

Andhra Pradesh: Shri. YS Jaganmohan Reddy
Arunachal Pradesh: Shri Pema Khandu
Assam: Shri Sarbananda Sonowal
Bihar: Shri Nitish Kumar
Chhattisgarh: Shri Bhupesh Baghel
Delhi (NCT): Shri Arvind Kejriwal
Goa: Shri Pramod Sawant
Gujarat: Shri Vijaybhai R. Rupani
Haryana: Shri Manohar Lal khattar
Himachal Pradesh: Shri Jai Ram Thakur
Jammu and Kashmir: N/A
Jharkhand: Shri  Hemant Soren
Karnataka: Shri BS Yediyurappa
Kerala: Shri Pinarayi Vijayan
Madhya Pradesh: N/A
Maharashtra: Shri Uddhav Thackeray
Manipur: Shri Nongthombam Biren Singh
Meghalaya: Shri Conrad Kongkal Sangma 
Mizoram: Shri Zoramthanga
Nagaland: Shri Neiphiu Rio
Odisha: Shri Naveen Patnaik
Puducherry (UT): Shri V. Narayanasamy
Punjab: Capt. Amarinder Singh
Rajasthan: Shri Ashok Gehlot
Sikkim: Shri Prem Singh Tamang
Tamil Nadu: Thiru Edappadi K. Palaniswami
Telangana:  Shri K Chandrasekhar Rao
Tripura: Shri Biplab Kumar Deb
Uttar Pradesh: Shri Yogi Aditya Nath
Uttarakhand: Shri Trivendra Singh Rawat
West Bengal: Shri Mamata Banerjee

Governors of Indian States

Andhra Pradesh: Biswabhushan Harichandan
Arunachal Pradesh: Brig. (Dr.) B. D. Mishra (Retd.)
Assam: Prof. Jagdish Mukhi
Bihar: Phagu Chauhan
Chhattisgarh: Anusuiya Uikey
Goa: Satyapal Malik
Gujarat: Acharya Devvrat
Haryana: Satyadev Narayan Arya
Himachal Pradesh: Bandaru Dattatreya
Jammu and Kashmir: N/A
Jharkhand: Droupadi Murmu
Karnataka: Vajubhai Vala
Kerala: Arif Mohammad Khan
Madhya Pradesh: Lalji Tandon
Maharashtra: Bhagat Sing Koshyari
Manipur: Najma A. Heptulla
Meghalaya: R. N. Ravi (Add. Charge)
Mizoram: P. S. Sreedharan Pillai
Nagaland: R. N. Ravi
Odisha: Ganeshi Lal
Punjab: V.P. Singh Badnore
Rajasthan: Kalraj Mishra
Sikkim: Ganga Prasad
Tamil Nadu: Banwarilal Purohit
Telangana: Tamilsai Soundararajan
Tripura: Ramesh Bais
Uttar Pradesh: Anandiben Patel
Uttarakhand: Baby Rani Maurya
West Bengal: Jagdeep Dhankar

Also Read: Team Modi 2.0 – Ministers Portfolio, Constituencies

Governors of Reserve Bank of India

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Urjit Patel RBI GovernorThe Governors of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the chief executive of India’s central bank and the ex-officio chairperson of its Central Board of Directors. Indian Rupee currency notes, issued by the RBI, bear the governor’s signature. Few personalities are so close yet so distant to the populace as the Governors of Reserve Bank of India.

Governors of Reserve Bank of India

Sir Osborne Smith 1 April 1935 – 30 June 1937
Sir James Braid Taylor 1 July 1937 – 17 February 1943
Sir C. D. Deshmukh 11 August 1943 – 30 June 1949
Sir Benegal Rama Rau 1 July 1949 – 14 January 1957
K. G. Ambegaonkar 14 January 1957 – 28 February 1957
H. V. R. Iyengar 1 March 1957 – 28 February 1962
P. C. Bhattacharya 1 March 1962 – 30 June 1967
L. K. Jha 1 July 1967 – 3 May 1970
B. N. Adarkar 4 May 1970 – 15 June 1970
S. Jagannathan 16 June 1970 – 19 May 1975
N. C. Sen Gupta 19 May 1975 – 19 August 1975
K. R. Puri 20 August 1975 – 2 May 1977
M. Narasimham 2 May 1977 – 30 November 1977
Dr. I. G. Patel 1 December 1977 – 15 September 1982
Dr. Manmohan Singh 16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985
A. Ghosh 15 January 1985 – 4 February 1985
R. N. Malhotra 4 February 1985 – 22 December 1990
S. Venkitaramanan 22 December 1990 – 21 December 1992
Dr. C. Rangarajan 22 December 1992 – 21 November 1997
Dr. Bimal Jalan 22 November 1997 – 6 September 2003
Dr. Y. Venugopal Reddy 6 September 2003 – 5 September 2008
Dr. Duvvuri Subbarao 5 September 2008 – 4 September 2013
Dr. Raghuram G. Rajan 4 September 2013 – 4 September 2016
Urjit Patel 4 September 2016 – Present

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