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Today in History – 26 February

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Syskool
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today in history 26 feb

today in history 26 feb

320

Chandragupta I succeeded his father Ghatotkacha at Patliputra. He is known for establishing the Gupta dynasty. Gupta era begins.

Also Read: The Gupta Empire

1857

First Indian Revolution called the Sepoy Mutiny ends in a few months with the fall of Delhi and Lucknow which broke out in Berhampore by the 19th Bengal Infantry.

Read More: Mangal Pandey

1858

Diwan Maniram and Piali Barua were hanged. (Grandson of Purandara Simha, the last Ahom king of Assam.)

1887

Sir Benegal Narsingh Rao, an eminent lawyer and political leader, was born. He was the first Indian President of UN Security Council in 1950.

1901

The notes of Rupees Twenty denomination were issued with two issuing circles. These notes had four numeric denominations.

Don’t Miss: United Nations Organisation (UNO)

1966

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar ‘Veer’, great revolutionary freedom fighter, social reformer, politician and writer, passed away at the ripe old age of 83. He was known for the first person to flee by swimming from Port Blair Jail and was associated with right-wing Hindu Mahasabha, started the Abinav Bharat as a secret society of revolutionary terrorists. He was a great Novelist and Poet.

Also Read: Did you know these basic facts?

1984

Satellite INSAT 1-B dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

Read More: Timeline of Indian Space Odyssey

Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens

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Syskool
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Supreme Court as the Guardian of Fundamental Rights
The Constitution guarantees elaborate Fundamental Rights to Indian citizens, These are contained in Part III of the Constitution. The Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens embodied in the Indian constitution acts as a guarantee that all Indian citizens can and will lead their lives in peace as long as they live in Indian democracy. These civil liberties take precedence over any other law of the land. They include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before the law, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of association and peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights such as habeas corpus.
In addition, the Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens are aimed at overturning the inequities of past social practices. They have also been used to in successfully abolishing the “untouchability“; prohibit discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth; and forbid trafficking in human beings and also the forced labor. They go beyond conventional civil liberties in protecting cultural and educational rights of minorities by ensuring that minorities may preserve their distinctive languages and establish and administer their own education institutions.
Originally, the right to property was also included in the Fundamental Rights; however, the Forty-fourth Amendment, passed in 1978, revised the status of property rights by stating that “No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.” Freedom of speech and expression, generally interpreted to include freedom of the press, can be limited “in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence”

Fundamental Rights to Indian Citizens

Right to Equality

  • Article 14: Equality before law and equal protection of law
  • Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
  • Article 16: Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
  • Article 17: End of untouchability
  • Article 18: Abolition of titles, Military, and academic distinctions are, however, exempted

Right to Freedom

  • Article 19: It guarantees the citizens of India the following six fundamentals freedoms:-
Freedom of Speech and Expression
Freedom of Assembly
Freedom of form Associations
Freedom of Movement
Freedom of Residence and Settlement
Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade and Bussiness
  • Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences
  • Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty
  • Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Right Against Exploitation

  • Article 23: Traffic in human beings prohibited
  • Article 24: No child below the age of 14 can be employed

Right to freedom of Religion

  • Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
  • Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs
  • Article 27: Prohibits taxes on religious grounds
  • Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious ceremonies in certain educational institutions

Don’t Miss: The Fundamental Duties

Cultural and Educational Rights

  • Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities
  • Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
  • Article 31: Omitted by the 44th Amendment Act

Right to Constitutional Remedies

  • Article 32: The right to move the Supreme Court in case of their violation (called Soul and heart of the Constitution by BR Ambedkar)

Forms of Writ check

Habeas Corpus: Equality before law and equal protection of law
Must Read:

Today in History – 23 February

By
Syskool
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2
today in history 23 feb

today in history 23 feb

1768

Nizam accepted British supremacy and Smith Col. signed peace treaty with the Nizam.

1792

The Third Mysore War ended in Tipu Sultan’s signing of Peace Treaty dictated by Lord Cornwallis & surrendering his two sons, Abdul Khaliq & Maiz – Uddin. This is known as Treaty of Srirangapatna.

Also Read: The rise and fall of Mysore – Reign of Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan

1932

The N. W. Frontier province is created.

1952

Employees Provident Fund Bill and Miscellaneous Provision Act passed in the Lok Sabha.

1962

Union government sets up an Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) formed by the Department of Atomic Energy and work on Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) started.

Also Read: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

1980

Prakash Padukone becomes the first Indian to win All-England Badminton Championship.

1997

Successful test firing of the 250-km version of the Prithvi missile.

Also Read: Indian Missiles Development

Unicameral Parliamentary System

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Syskool
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Unicameral Parliamentary System

In government, unicameral is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Thus, a Unicameral Parliamentary System or unicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of one chamber or house. Unicameral Parliamentary System typically exist in small and homogeneous unitary states, where a second chamber is considered unnecessary.

Countries having Unicameral Parliamentary System

  1. Albania–Kuvendi
  2. Bangladesh–Jatiyo Sangshad
  3. Bulgaria–National Assembly
  4. Burkina Faso–National Assembly
  5. Croatia–Sabor
  6. Denmark–Folketing
  7. Dominica–House of Assembly
  8. Estonia–Riigikogu
  9. Finland–Eduskunta
  10. Greece–Hellenic Parliament
  11. Hungary–National Assembly
  12. Iceland–Althing
  13. Israel–Knesset
  14. Kurdistan Region–Kurdistan National Assembly
  15. Latvia–Saeima
  16. Lithuania–Seimas
  17. Malta–House of Representatives
  18. Moldova–Parliament
  19. Mongolia–State Great Khural
  20. Montenegro–Parliament
  21. New Zealand–Parliament
  22. Norway*–Storting
  23. Palestinian Authority–Parliament
  24. Papua New Guinea–National Parliament
  25. Portugal–Assembly of the Republic
  26. Saint Kitts and Nevis–National Assembly
  27. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–House of Assembly
  28. Samoa–Fono
  29. Serbia–National Assembly
  30. Singapore–Parliament
  31. Slovakia–National Council
  32. Sweden–Riksdag
  33. Turkey–Grand National Assembly
  34. Ukraine–Verhovna Rada
  35. Vanuatu–Parliament

Also, Read:

Bicameral Parliamentary System

Government of India

National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)

Today in History – 22 February

By
Syskool
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today in history 22 feb
today in history 22 feb

1845

Serampore of Hooghly district and Balasore cities from Dutch purchased East Indian Company.

1854

Kawasji Nanabhai Dawar started the first Cloth Mill namely ‘Bombay Spinning Mills’.

1873

Sir Muhammad Ekbal, writer of song ‘Sare Jahanse Achha’, was born.

1944

Kasturba Gandhi passed away in British imprisonment in Aga Khan Palace at Pune.

Also Read: Brief biography of Mahatma Gandhi – A Journey from Mohandas to Mahatma

1947

Nehru welcomes British independence offer, invites Muslims to join at New Delhi.

1958

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad passed away in New Delhi, India. He was a great leader, great orator, revolutionary and fighter for national freedom. Some of his works which are the masterpieces of the Urdu language are “”Ghubari-Khatir”” and Tadhkirah””. He was Minister of Education in the first Indian Government.

1977

Emergency and ‘MISSA’ laws were cancelled.

1978

Judge Yeshwant Vishnu Chandrachud became the Chief Justice of India. He held this office till 11/07/1985. He was the longest-serving Chief Justice in India’s history at 7 years and 4 months.

Also Read: Meet IAS Topper Vandana Rao, Rank 4 of 2015

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