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The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

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The International Telecommunication Union

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The ICTs coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum, promotes international cooperation in assigning satellite orbits, works to improve telecommunication infrastructure in the developing world, and assists in the development and coordination of worldwide technical standards.

Founded in Paris in 1865 as the International Telegraph Union, International Telecommunication Union took its present name in 1934. In 1947, International Telecommunication Union became a specialized agency of the United Nations. ITU also organizes TELECOM events and was the lead organizing agency of the World Summit on the Information Society.

Must Read: United Nations (UN) and its Principal Organs

The International Telecommunication Union mission: bringing the benefits of ICT to all the world’s inhabitants

ITU’s mission is to enable the growth and sustained development of telecommunications and information networks, and to facilitate universal access so that people everywhere can participate in, and benefit from, the emerging information society and global economy. ITU’s work helps deploy infrastructure, achieve connectivity, and provide efficient telecommunication services worldwide.

The ability to communicate freely is a pre-requisite for a more equitable, prosperous and peaceful world. And International Telecommunication Union assists in mobilizing the technical, financial and human resources needed to make this vision a reality.

The International Telecommunication Union is active in areas including broadband Internet, latest-generation wireless technologies, aeronautical and maritime navigation, radio astronomy, satellite-based meteorology, convergence in fixed-mobile phone, Internet access, data, voice, TV broadcasting, and next-generation networks.

International Telecommunication Union, based in Geneva, Switzerland, is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its membership includes 193 Member States and around 700 Sector Members and Associates.

Also Read: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

Sectors of The International Telecommunication Union

The International Telecommunication Union comprises three sectors, each managing a different aspect of the matters handled by the Union, as well as ITU Telecom. The sectors were created during the restructuring of ITU at its 1992 Plenipotentiary Conference.

Radio communication (ITU-R)

Managing the international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbit resources is at the heart of the work of the International Telecommunication Union Radio communication Sector (ITU-R).

Standardization (ITU-T)

Standardization was the original purpose of International Telecommunication Union when it was founded. This sector remains responsible global telecommunications standards, except for radio. Prior to 1992 it was known as the International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee or CCITT.

Development (ITU-D)

Established to help spread equitable, sustainable and affordable access to information and communication technologies (ICT)

Must Read: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

A permanent General Secretariat, headed by the Secretary General, manages the day-to-day work of the Union and its sector. The International Telecommunication Union is headed by a Secretary-General, who is elected to a four-year term by the member states at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference.

At the 17th International Telecommunication Union Plenipotentiary Conference (2006) in Antalya, Turkey, the ITU’s member states elected Dr Hamadoun Touré of Malias Secretary-General of the Union. He was re-elected for a second four-year term at the 18th ITU Plenipotentiary Conference (2010) in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Membership of International Telecommunication Union is open to governments, which may join the Union as Member States, as well as to private organizations like carriers, equipment manufacturers, funding bodies, research and development organizations and international and regional telecommunication organizations, which can join ITU as non-voting Sector Members.

There are 193 member states of the International Telecommunication Union, which includes 192 UN member states (all except Palau) and the Vatican City. The most recent member state to join the ITU is South Sudan, which became a member on 14 July 2011. The Republic of China (Taiwan) was blocked from membership by the People’s Republic of China, but nevertheless received a country code, being listed as “Taiwan, China”.Palestine was admitted as an observer in 2010.

International Telecommunication Union is at the very heart of the ICT sector, brokering agreement on technologies, services, and allocation of global resources like radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbital positions, to create a seamless global communications system that’s robust, reliable, and constantly evolving.

ITU’s biggest achievement is undoubtedly the pivotal role it has played in the creation of the international telecommunications network – the largest man-made artifact ever created. The International Telecommunication Union serves as an impartial international forum for dialogue between government and industry players on technology, policy and economic issues, for the benefit of the global telecommunication community.

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Motivational Quotes to Overcome the Fear of Failure

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Motivational Quotes to Overcome the Fear of Failure

Every person on earth have embraced failure with open arms. No one surely can live their life without failing because success comes after failing. We come to learn many new things after failing.

Have a Look: How to Overcome the Fear of Failure?

Here are some Motivational Quotes to Overcome the Fear of Failure

“Success is most often achieved by those who don’t know that failure is inevitable.” – Coco Chanel

“Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.” – Robert F. Kennedy

“If you’re not prepared to be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original.” – Ken Robinson

“Giving up is the only sure way to fail.” – Gena Showalter

“Failure should be our teacher, not our undertaker. Failure is delay, not defeat. It is a temporary detour, not a dead end. Failure is something we can avoid only by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.” – Denis Waitley

“When you take risks you learn that there will be times when you succeed and there will be times when you fail, and both are equally important.” – Ellen DeGeneres

Must Read: Motivational Quotes

“It’s failure that gives you the proper perspective on success.” – Ellen DeGeneres

“Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.” – Winston Churchill

“There is only one thing that makes a dream impossible to achieve: the fear of failure.” – Paulo Coelho

“Pain is temporary. Quitting lasts forever.” – Lance Armstrong

“I’d rather be partly great than entirely useless.” – Neal Shusterman

“Winners are not afraid of losing. But losers are. Failure is part of the process of success. People who avoid failure also avoid success.” – Robert T. Kiyosaki

“When we give ourselves permission to fail, we, at the same time, give ourselves permission to excel.” – Eloise Ristad

“What is the point of being alive if you don’t at least try to do something remarkable?” – John Green

“Success is a state of mind. If you want success, start thinking of yourself as a success.” ― Joyce Brothers

“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” ― Thomas A. Edison

“It is fine to celebrate success, but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.” – Bill Gates

“Think like a queen. A queen is not afraid to fail. Failing is another steppingstone to greatness.” – Oprah Winfrey

“Remember that failure is an event, not a person.” – Zig Ziglar

Also Read: 10 quotes from our beloved Dr. Kalam that will Inspire us always

The greatest mistake you can make in life is to be continually fearing you will make one. – Elbert Hubbard

One who fears failure limits his activities. Failure is only the opportunity to more intelligently begin again. – Henry Ford

The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. – Ralph Waldo Emerson

“Mistakes are the portals of discovery.” — James Joyce

“Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.” — Henry Ford

“Failure is the condiment that gives success its flavor.” — Truman Capote

“I think you have to try and fail, because failure gets you closer to what you’re good at. — Louis C.K

“I can accept failure, everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying.” — Michael Jordan

“There’s always failure. And there’s always disappointment. And there’s always loss. But the secret is learning from the loss, and realizing that none of those holes are vacuums.” — Michael J. Fox

“Please know that I am aware of the hazards. I want to do it because I want to do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be a challenge to others.” — Amelia Earhart

“We need to accept that we won’t always make the right decisions, that we’ll screw up royally sometimes—understanding that failure is not the opposite of success, it’s part of success.” — Arianna Huffington

“You have to be able to accept failure to get better.” — Lebron James

“Do not fear mistakes. You will know failure. Continue to reach out.” — Benjamin Franklin

“Failures, repeated failures, are finger posts on the road to achievement. One fails forward toward success.” — C.S. Lewis

“My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.” — Abraham Lincoln

You May Also Love to Read: 10 Ways to Overcome Exam Fear

“Success is not built on success. It’s built on failure. It’s built on frustration. Sometimes its built on catastrophe.” — Sumner Redstone

“Failure happens all the time. It happens every day in practice. What makes you better is how you react to it.” — Mia Hamm

“Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up.” — Thomas Edison

“A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” — Albert Einstein

“You’ll always miss 100% of the shots you don’t take.” Wayne Gretzky

“Defeat is not the worst of failures. Not to have tried is the true failure.” George Edward Woodberry

“Do one thing every day that scares you.” Eleanor Roosevelt

“Experience teaches slowly, and at the cost of mistakes.” James A. Froude

“Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” Confucius

“The only failure is not to try.” George Clooney

“Failure is the key to success; each mistake teaches us something.” Morihei Ueshiba

“The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows.” Buddha

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Today in History – 7 March

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today in history 7 March

today in history 7 March

1911

Sachchitanand Hiranand Vatsyayan, (Agyeya), modern Hindi literary journalist, freedom fighter and the winner of Jnanpith Award of 1979, was born.

1952

Parmahansa Yogananda, great saint, social reformer and writer, died at Los Angles.

1956

A gigantic steel tube plant opened in Jamshedpur. It was the first of its kind in India.

1961

Govind Ballabh Pant passed away. He had served eight years as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He was bestowed with Bharat Ratna in 1959.

1987

Sunil Gavaskar becomes the first batsman to score 10,000 test runs in cricket a match against Pakistan at Ahmedabad.

1994

India and Iran sign three MoU in Tehran.

1996

Union Cabinet clears decks for extending benefits of reservation to Dalit Christians.

1998

A. B. Vajpayee was elected leader of the BJP Parliamentary Party.

Top 10 Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation

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top 10 ias coaching institutes for ias preparation

Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation is only to provide you a platform from where you can learn to develop opinions and help you sharpening your skill set. This is true with every coaching. Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation regardless of their fame are only Margdarshak, they only show you the way and will help you to align yourself in the right direction. They help you get started.

Do not forget that any Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation is there only to guide you, in the end you are the fighter who has to fight your battle with the UPSC Exam using the props provided by the coaching center. So believe in yourself and keep your confidence level high, take help of the institutes only in the areas you need them.

Must Read: How to Crack IAS Exam? 10 Tips for IAS Preparation

Top Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation:

Vajiram and Ravi, Delhi

Vajiram & Ravi is India’s well-known Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation. This institute is preparing candidates for the UPSC Exam at all the three levels – Preliminary Test, Main Examination and Personality Test. The Institute was founded in 1978 by Professor P. Velayutham this is one of the oldest civil service examination preparation center in India with its branch located in Delhi only.

Since the Institute has helped over 3000 students to enter the Civil Services including I.A.S., I.F.S., I.P.S. and other Central Services. Every year some of students have secured positions amongst the first ten successful candidates.

The teaching faculty of the Institute has been drawn from highly qualified and experienced teachers of the Central Universities and other reputed Institutes. To provide quality education and guidance normally a minimum two teachers are engaged for each subject. In General Studies, ten teachers are guiding the candidates in their studies.

Also Read: How to Crack Civil Services Exam Without Coaching

ALS IAS Academy, Delhi

Oldest and most reputed Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation is located in Mukherjee Nagar and Karol Bagh, New Delhi with proven track record of success each and every year. ALS, is one of India’s leading learning institutions and was established with an aim to develop as the final destination for all career initiation programs.

The proficiency and expertise of the teachers and their immense faith on their students owe success to the ALS team. The dedication and commitment of the teachers and their ability to make the classes so interesting is a superlative effort which is unmatched. ALS conducts regular tests which are very helpful in generating confidence and in attempting the UPSC Exam with excellence.

Rau’s IAS Study Circle, Delhi

The Study Cirlcle was created by Dr. S. Rau in the year 1953 as an independent body with a view to establish a bench-mark institution to achieve excellence in the toughest competitive exam in the country. The branch have been opened also in Jaipur & Bengaluru. It is known as the most specialized institution of its type in the country, performing consistently at high levels and has acquired the rare distinction of achieving the highest success-rate in the UPSC Exam.

The faculty of the Study Circle is composed of experienced educators, competent administrators and dedicated researchers. In fact, the essence of the functioning of the Study Circle is the fraternal atmosphere it provides, in which the students are groomed by a committed, imaginative and gifted core faculty. Here, every student experiences creative excitement along with the thrill of adding to his store of knowledge.

Have a Look at: How to Perform Your Best on Exam Day

Khan Study Group, Delhi

Khan Study Group, is the best Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation for General Studies and CSAT in India. Offering General Studies & CSAT under the expertise of Dr Khan in Delhi, Jaipur, Bhopal, Chandigarh and Patna. There mission is to demystify the UPSC Exam and help candidates to acquire confidence and competence to emerge successful. They ensure that their guidance process makes the learning experience more comfortable and enjoyable.

Dr. Khan has been teaching General Studies since February 1992 to IAS aspirants and is very proud of the fact that almost every State and Union Territory in India has some Civil Servants who personally associate with him.

Also Read: How to Prepare for Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT)?

Brilliant Tutorials, Chennai

Excellent course material, experienced faculty and a committed management have built Brilliant Tutorials into the most trusted institution in the area of preparing students for competitive entrance examinations in UPSC Exam.

Faculty comprising of experienced professors and lecturers design the curriculum and compile the course material, based on extensive analysis of competitive exams over the years and the latest developments in all the subjects. But, the ultimate proof of Brilliant’s leadership is here: Year after year, in the most prestigious of competitive exam like IAS Brilliant’s students bag the top ranks.

Brain Tree, Hyderabad

Brain Tree, is an institution engaged in training students for the All India Civil Services Examination conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission(UPSC Exam). Founded in 1991, Brain Tree has an excellent track record of having facilitated many a student to join the All India, Central and State services. Today, students of Brain Tree occupy many senior positions in the administrative services of the central and state governments.

Apart from the compulsory papers, Brain Tree specializes in Public Administration and Anthropology. It is widely accepted as one of the best institutes in India for the above optional. Audio – Visual aids, regular tests and guest lectures by retired and serving Civil Servants are the distinguishing features of Brain Tree.

At every examination, Brain Tree has recorded an average of 25-30 successful aspirants and many of them in their first attempt.

You May Also Read: How to Read The Hindu Newspaper for IAS Preparation?

Shankar IAS Academy, Chennai

Shankar IAS Academy was started in the year 2004 with the noble cause of training the UPSC Exam aspirants in a focussed manner and preparing them for facing the toughest examination. The institute was founded by Mr. D. Shankar who was also an aspirant who had made upto interview in 2004 -2006.

The faculty members are highly qualified in the subject and are from reputed institutions and have developed well-defined strategies to approach each of the subjects from the examination point of view. High quality class notes, periodical (weekly) examinations and in-depth review of the answers help the aspirants to develop their knowledge, writing skills, presentation skills and refine the approach for answering the questions.

Don’t Miss: How to Prepare General Studies for Preliminary Exam?

Vision IAS

VISION IAS is India’s premier research, and training institution, which continuously innovates to help Civil Service aspirants actualize their dreams through ‘integrated efforts’ of Interactive learning system, Team work, Technology & Innovation.

Vision IAS is a reputed name for their IAS Test Series as they provide quality study material that is of utmost quality and standard and their performance analysis & assessment system is reflected in their test series and content they provide.

Chanakya IAS Academy, Delhi

Chanakya IAS Academy aims to develop amongst its students a competitive attitude along with sound academic base with quality teaching and individual attention as its hallmark. The Academy organizes seminars and workshops with the help of civil servants and experts in soft skills to train the aspirants to think, feel and express like administrators. This comprehensive approach towards UPSC Exam preparation has received an overwhelming response and has led to the pan India presence of Chanakya IAS Academy.

In addition to imparting knowledge of the concerned subjects, Chanakya IAS Academy lays great emphasis on leadership development, ethics and social responsibility, and mind-power development so as to ensure that our tomorrow’s bureaucrats do not suffer from moral and ethical bankruptcy.

Have a Look at: How to Write Essay for IAS Exam?

Astitva ICS Academy, Jaipur

Astitva I.C.S was founded in the year 2005 by Dr. B.B. Singh and his experienced wing of highly qualified faculty.
With Astitva I.C.S, cracking IAS Examinations is a very easy process for bright and hard working students. Even if you are an average student, their expert and unique teaching methodologies will help you in cracking the UPSC Exam with an ease. They would show you a golden path, which would take you to your dreams, in reality.

They don’t believe in teaching. Rather, they educate. – It is like a ship surrounded by unlimited ocean With this motto, Astitva I.C.S has been proving its words by delivering successful results, each and every year. The academy possesses an educational and competitive environment, where dreams take their shape and meet success.

Read Also: Preparation for UPSC Interview

Tips on choosing best Coaching Institutes for IAS Preparation

There are several IAS academies but to find the best one could be the toughest task. Here are some tips that may be useful while searching coaching centers.

  • Nowadays new IAS IPS academies seem to open very frequently now and then so it is wiser to test out the old as well as the new ones talking to the students enrolled there.
  • The best way to choose a good academy is to find out the past results of the academy and the subject material they provide. Also verify their performances in last few years.
  • Check out whether the owner himself of coaching is giving the class or people who are simply hired to teach you. Some institutes have brilliant teacher for a particular subject but not necessarily for all the other subjects so better check up the credentials of the teachers for different subjects.
  • Don’t go by the brand name, some academy have built their reputation and living in the past glory. There is a huge amount of money that’s charged by such academy, please make a comparison of the fee structure before enrolling yourself.
  • Now in the revised pattern of the UPSC Exam  Mains syllabus, the focus has shifted from Optional papers to General Studies. So try to find out which institute has the best staff to handle the revised General Studies papers.

We strongly suggest you to depend upon self study and do not run behind coaching institutes. However if you want to save little time in the beginning of your preparation, coaching institutes will definitely help you. None of coaching owners can guarantee you success, neither they will promise you exceptional result just because of classes you are going to attend. Mentors/teachers from any of above mentioned institutes will not deny the importance of  self study.

Don’t Miss: How to Prepare for UPSC Exam while you are in College?

Einstein’s law of the equivalence of mass and energy

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Einstein’s law of the equivalence of mass and energy :
According to it, the mass and energy are inter convertible aspects of the same property, and when a body gives up energy, it also loses mass. Numerically this law has been stated as E = mc2 (i.e.m. = E/C2), where E is energy, m is the mass and c is the velocity of light in vacuum. This law holds good in all cases but in ordinary chemical or molecular processes the change in mass is so small that it is not possible to measure or observe it.
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